اثر اسموپرايمينگ بذر، محلولپاشي روي و آهن بر خصوصيات كمي و كيفي لوبيا چشم‌بلبلي (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Effects of seed osmopriming, foliar spraying of zinc and iron on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي )ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي2 و 4 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي(، ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ )ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي 3 و 6 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ( و ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل 6000 )ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ )bar 2- (( ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و درﺻﺪ ﺳﺒﺰﺷﺪن ﮔﯿﺎهﭼﻪ و اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )3784 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ )1114 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ )39/9 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ × ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد روي × ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ )3 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(، ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ × ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي × ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ و ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ × ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي × ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ )6 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آﻫﻦ و روي در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺣﺪودي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﺷﺪي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ.

Plant access to micronutrients helps to plant growth and the human need for these elements by eating vegetative food. In order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of zinc sulfate (0, 2 and 4 g.l-1 of zinc sulfate), iron sulfate (0, 3 and 6 g.l-1 of iron sulfate) and seed osmopriming (control and polyethylene glycol 6000 (-2 bar)) an experiment was carried out in factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan (spring, 2017). The results showed that seed priming had a negative effect on most traits including seedling emergence percentage, seedling emergence rate (SER) and mean emergence time (MET). It was also observed that the highest grain yield, protein yield, and harvest index were obtained from triple interactions effects of non-priming × non-application of zinc sulfate × application of iron sulfate (3 g.l-1), no priming × non-application of zinc sulfate × non-application of iron sulfate, non-priming × non-application of zinc sulfate × application of iron sulfate (6 g.l-1) respectively. The general results showed that the application of iron and zinc in low concentrations can be somewhat improved bean plant growth traits. But seed priming had little effect on the growth traits of this plant.