كليدواژه :
ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ , ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري , آب و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ , گياه ﺟﻮ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺪود آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪهاي از آب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎنرﺿﻮي اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺮاز ﻣﻨﻔﯽ در ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ، ﺗﺪاوم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻃﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل )ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 1389-1393( روي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺟﻮ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﺮاردار ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﯾﮏﺑﺎر ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺗﻨﻮﻋﯽ از ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ ﺑﻬﺎره و زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﯾﻮﺳﻒ، ﻧﯿﮏ، ﮔﻮﻫﺮان، ﮐﻮﯾﺮ، رﯾﺤﺎن003، ﻟﻮت، ﺑﻬﻤﻦ و ﻻﯾﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره17، ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل دوم )1390/12/7( و ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم )1391/9/20( و ﭼﻬﺎرم )1392/10/25( آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4734، 3199 و 4018 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم )4735 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺻﻔﺮ، 32/4 و 15/1 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه )ﻣﻌﺎدل 50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در آﺑﯿﺎري( از ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪن ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺟﻮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ و ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻬﺎره ﺟﻮ، ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻮد و ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻮ و ﺣﺬف آﺑﯿﺎريﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺋﯿﺰه وﺟﻮد دارد و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف آﺑﯿﺎريﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه، ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اول اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎه ﻧﯿﺰ اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ؛ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻮ )ارﻗﺎم ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﻬﺎره ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮔﻮﻫﺮان، ﻧﯿﮏ و ﯾﻮﺳﻒ(، اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Limited ground water resources provide the large portion of required water for agriculture in Khorasan Razavi province and negative balance in the exploitation of these resources has threatened the continuity of agricultural activity. To reduce water consumption in the agricultural, 4-year study (2011-2014) was conducted in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi on barley. Replicated trials was carried out as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications, so that planting dates were main plots and barley varieties include Yousof, Nik, Goharan, Kavir, Reihan003, Loot, Bahman and line No. 17 were subplots. Grain yield of the first dating in second year and pending culture in third and fourth years of experiment was 4734, 3199 and 4018 kg/ha, respectively compared to grain yield of autumn culture (check) in third year (4735 kg/ha), decreased 0, 26.2 and 27.4% respectively, whereas 3 times of autumn irrigation (equal to 50% decline in irrigation) was deleted from production cycle. Results showed that by shortening the growing season, yield and yield components of barley were affected and proportionally reduced but in some planting dates and spring cultivars of barley, grain production potential was acceptable and reduction of the growing season of barley and elimination of the autumn irrigations is possible and recommended. On this base, optimal barley planting date with autumn irrigation elimination is pending culture but this date could expanded to 20 of February; although the recommended planting date is the same. In this relation, selection of suitable varieties of barley (adapted spring cultivars such as Goharan, Nik and Yousof) is the next priority to ensure the success of production.
