پاسخ فيزيولوژيك و زراعي ژنوتيپ‌هاي اميد بخش گلرنگ به تنش كمبود آب آخر فصل

Physiological and agronomic response of promise safflower genotypes to late season water deficit stress

ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺧ ﺸﮑﯽ آﺧﺮ ﻓ ﺼﻞ روي اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي اﻣﯿﺪﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، در اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻮر ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ، ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ و ﺗﻨﺶ از ﮔﻞدﻫﯽ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ داﻧﻪ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ، ﺷﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ )ﭘﺪﯾﺪه، ﻗﺰاﻗﯽ، ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي97 ،68 ،92 و 132( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸــﮑﯽ، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ، ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺮگ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪاي و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ )RWC( ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و دﻣﺎي ﺑﺮگ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﺂنﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﺒ ﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷــﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﻤﻪ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و درﺻــﺪ روﻏﻦ داﻧﻪ روي ﻣﺤﺼــﻮلدﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. رﻗﻢ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه و ﻻﯾﻦ اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ 68، ﺑﺎ ﮐ ﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ، ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ را ﻧ ﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺮگ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧ ﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ و دﻣﺎي ﺑﺮگ، ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺧ ﺸﮑﯽ روي ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺮﻧﮓ را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮان ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

To investigate the effects of late season drought on yield components, seed and oil yields and some physiological indices related to drought tolerance in promise genotypes of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in saline areas of the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during the cropping season of 2018-19. The experimental factors included drought stress (non-stressed and stressed from flowering to maturity) and six safflower genotypes (Padideh, Gazagi, 59, 68, 97 and 132 lines). Drought stress decreased yield components, seed and oil yields, leaf chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and RWC and increased leaf temperature significantly. Amounts of these traits were significantly different among genotypes. Correlations among these indices and with seed and oil yields were significant. Also all yield components had important role in productivity. In all water conditions, Padideh variety and promise line 68 had higher amounts of physiological indices and indicated higher seed and oil yields. Therefore, Leaf chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, RWC and leaf temperature are able to reflect the effects of water deficit on safflower genotypes and could be used in the drought tolerant genotypes selection.