پديد آورندگان :
كاظميان، غلامرضا دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - دانشكده مديريت و حسابداري - گروه مديريت دولتي، تهران، ايران , الواني، مهدي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - دانشكده مديريت و حسابداري - گروه مديريت دولتي، تهران، ايران , قرباني زاده، وجه الله دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - دانشكده مديريت و حسابداري - گروه مديريت دولتي، تهران، ايران , جليلي، مصطفي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - دانشكده مديريت و حسابداري، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
فساد شبكه اي , فساد , فرايند سياست گذاري , مديريت كلان شهري
چكيده فارسي :
تاكنون تلاش‌هاي علمي گسترده‌اي در موضوع تعريف فساد، ابعاد آن و راهكارهاي مقابله با آن صورت پذيرفته است. اين مطالعات را مي‌توان در طيفي از مطالعات خردمقياس در سطح فردي تا مطالعات پيچيده با هدف شناسايي و مقابله با پديده فساد سيستمي قرار داد. پژوهش حاضر در اين راستا تلاش مي‌كند تا ابتدا با طرح موضوع زمينه‌ها و علل شكل‌گيري فساد در فرايند سياست‌گذاري مديريت كلان‌شهري، در راستاي شناسايي و آشكارسازي نگرش نويني به فساد در اين حوزه، در قالب مفهوم فساد شبكه‌اي و تمايز آن از ساير انواع فساد، اين مفهوم را در مطالعات حوزه مديريت كلان‌شهري دنبال كند. بر اين اساس، فساد شبكه‌اي در فرايند سياست‌گذاري مديريت كلان‌شهري عبارت است از شبكه‌اي از بازيگران و بدنه‌اي از نهادها و سازمان‌هاي مختلف كه حول يك فعاليت فاسد در فرايندهاي مختلف سياست‌گذاري مديريت كلان‌شهري از دستور كار و تدوين سياست‌ها تا فسخ آن‌ها شكل گرفته و اعضاء آن از منافع فعاليت فاسد سود مي‌برند. مقاله حاضر، با توجه به فقدان چارچوب پايه مطالعاتي موضوع فساد شبكه‌اي در حوزه فرايند سياست‌گذاري مديريت كلان‌شهري، تلاش كرده است تا چارچوب مطالعه پايه اين حوزه را به‌عنوان يافته اصلي مقاله ارائه كرده و در اختيار پژوهشگران علاقه‌مند به موضوع فساد شهري قرار دهد. اين مقاله از منظر روش‌شناسي نيز از جمله پژوهش‌هاي كيفي بوده كه با اتكاء به روش بازبيني يكپارچه/انتقادي متون پژوهشي به بررسي منابع كتابخانه‌اي و اسناد مرتبط پرداخته است.
چكيده لاتين :
To date, widespread scientific research has been carried out that focuses on the definition of corruption, its dimensions and strategies to prevent and combat it. These studies can be classified in a range of micro-scale studies about administrator’s
activities to complicated studies that focus on identifying and combating systemic corruption. This paper aims to, in the first
step, clarify the network corruption and differentiate it from other forms of corruption and then, pursue network corruption in
metropolis management. Accordingly, network corruption in metropolis management is defined as a network of independent
and dependent actors in government, public, and private sectors and NGOs which are formed around a set of corrupted activities
in several missions of metropolis management and it can be seen on different levels of urban policymaking, planning s well
as implementing urban plans and projects. The key point in network corruption is the trade-off between members around
corrupted activities that benefit all the members and damage the public interest. Also, this paper aims to resolve the lack of a base
study framework in network corruption in process of policymaking of metropolis management by presenting a base framework
on this subject as the main finding of this research. This research is a qualitative study and an integrated/critical literature
review methodology is used to review related library resources and documents. Regarding the definition of corruption, there is
no universal agreement. Despite the many definitions and contextual uses of corruption, the most used definition of corruption
is the abuse of public resources and administrative authority for private gain, however, since this definition is mainly focused
on the public sphere, Transparency International (TI) has redefined it as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. This new
definition encompasses other sectors such as the private sector and NGOs. In this paper, the Karklins' definition of corruption
is used which is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain at the expense of the public good, although the latter
is implicit in the notion of misuse, since the focus in this paper is on metropolis management and its missions, this thorough
definition has been chosen. Also, in this paper, network corruption is pursued as a notion concept like Carvajal's research in
which he classified the four steps to explain network corruption from creation to stabilization, including: 1. Setting of the
corrupt nucleus 2. Expansion through a network of accomplices, 3. Exponential growth, and 4. Stabilization, however, we have
also added 5. Termination to complete the circulation from birth to death of a network corruption. In addition to elaborating on
the definition and process of creating and developing a network corruption, policymaking process in metropolis management
is discussed in this paper. Several authors like Brouwer and Deleon (1983), Howlett and Ramesh (2020), Brewer, May and
Wildavsky (1978), Anderson (1975), and Jenkins (1978) tried to explain this process, therefore public policy processes are
consisted of: 1. Agenda-setting, 2.Policy formulation, 3. Implementation, 4. Evaluation and 5.Termination. In this research,
these two theoretical frameworks have been combined to design a network corruption study framework in metropolis
management. This framework can be applied in different fields and missions of metropolis management like architecture and
urban planning, recycling management, and traffic and public transportation programs and projects.
