كليدواژه :
رويكرد پيچيدگي , پيچيدگي شهري , روابط و بازيگران , نظريه بازيگر- شبكه , شهر جديد پرديس
چكيده فارسي :
با توسعه فناوري، تغيير سازمان روابط در سطح جهاني و تغييرات زيست‌محيطي، مناطق شهري تغييرات قابل ملاحظه‌اي پيدا كرده‌اند. مواجهه با اين تغييرات، نيازمند پيدايش رويكردهاي نظري جديد به پديده‌هاي شهري است. رويكردهايي كه توانايي درك پويايي‌هاي غيرقابل‌پيش‌بيني و آشفته مسائل شهري را ايجاد كنند. يكي از اين رويكردها كه بر نظريه‌هاي پيچيدگي و شبكه استوار است، نگرش به شهر و پديده‌هاي شهري به‌عنوان شبكه‌هايي پيچيده است كه در آن مسائل شهري پديده‌هايي ارتباطي، برآينده، زمينه‌محور و توليدشده در شبكه‌هايي از روابط و بازيگران هستند. اين مطالعه به تبيين مفهوم پيچيدگي شهري و مفاهيم مرتبط با آن مي‌پردازد. هدف از اين مطالعه، ارائه چارچوب نظري حاكم بر برنامه‌ريزي شهري با چنين رويكردي است. پس از دستيابي به چارچوب، نمونه‌اي از نحوه كاربست آن در شهر جديد پرديس ارائه‌شده است. تبيين چارچوب نظري از طريق فرايند منطقي تفكر داراي مراحل مختلف شامل شناسايي نگرش پژوهشگر، انتخاب نظريه، شناسايي ابعاد آن و نحوه ارتباط با موضوع پژوهش، صورت‌گرفته است. بهره‌برداري از چارچوب نظري ارائه شده در نمونه نيز با استفاده از پارادايم واقع‌گرايي انتقادي و روش آن انجام شده است. بر اساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده، مهم‌ترين اصل در اين رويكرد شناسايي روابط بين بازيگران در شبكه است كه خود مستلزم شناسايي صحيح بازيگران و همچنين ايجاد دركي از شبكه‌‌هاي مختلف موجود در زمينه موردمطالعه خواهد بود. نكته مهم ديگر ضرورت بازتعريف نقش و عملكرد برنامه‌ريزان در اين چارچوب است.
چكيده لاتين :
In recent decades, the urban areas have gone through fundamental changes due to the development of new technologies, global reorganization of relations, and environmental risks which have resulted in a new outlook on the roles of center
and periphery, definitions of space and place, mobility, etc. Dealing with these changes requires new approaches for
understanding urban areas and redefinition of various related concepts. Approaches that are capable of taking into account
the unpredictable dynamics and the complexity of urban challenges. Complexity and its theories have been used to provide
a framework for understanding the new dynamics and their chaotic nature and unpredictability. In this regard, one of the
approaches is to consider cities and urban areas as complex interwoven networks within the framework of complexity
thinking, in which city dynamics are relational, emergent and contextual and generated by networks comprised of various
actors and their relations. This study reviews the theoretical basis of the complexity approach, conceptualizing the notion
of urban complexity and its corresponding concepts such as networks, actors, and relations. This study aims to propose
a theoretical framework for urban studies that are carried out with a complexity approach. To achieve this, firstly, the
article elaborates on the complexity approach and its related concepts such as complex networks, social networks, and
actors and then focuses specifically on the manifestations of complexity in urban contexts. Building on these, the article
goes on to propose a theoretical framework for urban planning. Finally, in order to clarify the use of such a framework,
a case study built on the proposed framework is introduced. The case reviews the latest comprehensive plan of the new
town of Pardis and conceptualizes the realizations of the plans. The theoretical framework is proposed using a logical
thinking process including different stages of identifying the role of planner/researcher, the choice of theory, developing
a working knowledge of the theory, and defining how the theory connects to the research objective. The step-by-step
process is embedded in the structure of the article. Regarding the case study, in accordance with the proposed theoretical
framework, critical realism paradigm and its process of analysis has been used to conceptualize how the plan has shaped
and is linked to the real-life observations in the new town of Pardis. Based on the findings, the most important principle
in enabling urban planning in giving order to the dynamic, social, uncontrollable and self-organized system of the cities is
the identification of relations and interdependencies between the actors, which can include various aspects, such as different
types of relations and centrality, depending on the researcher’s goal. The stepping stone to achieving this is to identify
the actors and the networks present in the study context accurately and as extensively as possible. This approach also
necessitates the redefinition of the role and function of planners, since in the proposed framework, planners are regarded as
one of the actors in the network as well, but with an exceptional positioning, enabling them to either facilitate or impede the
flows of relations within the network.
