پديد آورندگان :
قاسمي نيا، مازيار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد قزوين - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، قزوين، ايران , سلطان زاده، حسين دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران مركزي - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , رئيسي، ايمان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد قزوين - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، قزوين، ايران
كليدواژه :
نقد معماري , بينامتنيت , معماري معاصر , بينامعماري , بافت معماري
چكيده فارسي :
ارتباط ميان يك اثر معماري با آثار ديگر از موضوعات مهمي است كه با به چالش كشيدن مفاهيم تأليف، اصالت و خودبودگي اثر، در جامعه معماري مطرح است و فقدان رويكردي مدون جهت نقد روش‌مند روابط ميان آثار با يكديگر، بررسي دقيق‌‌تر اين موضوع را ضروري مي‌كند. در اين پژوهش با طرح اين پرسش كه ارتباط ميان يك اثر معماري با آثار ديگر چگونه است؟ تلاش شده مناسبات ميان‌متني در معماري (بينامعماري) تبيين شود. براي اين منظور از رويكرد «بينامتنيت» استفاده شده است كه به نحوه تأثير متن‌ها در شكل‌گيري يكديگر و خوانش متن‌ها توجه مي‌كند و چگونگي تكثير متني را توضيح مي‌دهد .نوع تحقيق كيفي است و روش‌هاي تحقيق، توصيفي و تاريخي-تفسيري است. براي رسيدن به مفهوم نقد «بينامعماري» و چارچوب نظري تحقيق، ابتدا موقعيت يك اثر معماري به عنوان يك متن در ارتباط با ساير متون مشخص مي‌شود. سپس ساختار نقد ارائه شده در دو لايه نوع و مراتب ارتباط بينامتني، دلالت‌هاي ضمني اثر در شبكه ارتباط بينامتني را آشكار مي‌سازد و نشان مي‌دهد كه اين ارتباط تا چه اندازه به قابليت تكثير و چندمعنايي بودن اثر مي‌انجامد و اثر را به يك «بافت معماري» چندرگه و يا در مقابل به يك «شيء معماري» با يك ايدئولوژي مسلط نزديك مي‌كند. اين روش نقد در پروژه‌ها‌ي پرديس سينمايي ملت و ساختمان نظام مهندسي بيرجند به عنوان نمونه‌هاي مورد مطالعه آزموده مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The relation between an architectural work and other works is a major topic in the architectural community that challenges the concepts of compilation, originality and self-existence of the work. Lack of an approach for the methodical critique of the relationship between works necessitates a more detailed study of the topic. By asking the question of what relation exists
between an architectural work and other works, the present study sought to explain the intertextual relations in architecture
(interarchitecturality). To this purpose, the intertextuality approach was used which deals with how texts have an impact in
forming each other or reading and perceiving texts, and explains textual reproduction. To examine and analyze relations
among architectural works, it is essential to assess a work in its textual relations network in addition to the interpretation of the
first layer, which is confined to direct references of a work. We need to touch upon the second layer and examine the indirect
references of a work in relation to other works. In this layer, intertextual relations are interpreted in terms of relations among
the components of works; in other words, such an interpretation is made using previous texts, and it is not a unidimensional,
monosemic interpretation based on signification, but an interpretation where signification proceeds in different layers of the
intratextual network according to intertextual rules and ties. This is a qualitative study which was conducted using descriptiveanalytic
and historical-interpretive methods. Data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach.
A new configuration was proposed as an 'interarchitectural critique' by explaining intertextuality as a tool for architectural
critique. To understand the concept of 'interarchitecturality' and to explain the theoretical framework of the study, first, the
location and coordinates of an architectural work were determined as a text in relation to other texts (other works). The current
study shows that the intertextual relations between a work of architecture and other works are based on connections established
among the components of a work including Form, Program/Spatial diagram, and Construction. An analysis and review of the
components of a work in three layers within the textual relations network determine the intertextual ties in architecture, or in
other words, yield an “interarchitectural” criticism. The critique structure proposed here in the two layers of the type and the
degree of intertextual relation, studies the internal components of an architectural work in relation to other works. In the first
layer, the type of an intertextual relation is determined that, itself, includes three sublayers: intracultural and cross-cultural
sublayers; Horizontal/Syntagmatic or Vertical/Paradigmatic and the third sublayer shows that this relation is a representation
of the previous work and refers to it directly, or it is an implicit, indirect relation referring to shared themes and concepts. By
revealing the implicit implications of the work in a network of interarchitectural relations, results of this study in layer three
show the extent to which this communication leads to the reproducibility and polysemic nature of the work, turning it into a
multifaceted hybrid 'architectural texture' or an 'architectural object' with a dominant ideology. This method of critique was
used in two case studies of Mellat Cineplex and Birjand Engineering Organization Building projects.
