تجزيه و تحليل صفات جو زراعي دو رديفه و شش رديفه با تاكيد بر اقليم محل جمع آوري

Analysis of traits of two-row and six-row barley with emphasis on climatic conditions of origin

ﺟﻮ زراﻋﯽ داراي دو ﺗﯿﭗ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ و ﺷﺶ ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﯾﻦ وِﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺻﺤﯿﺢ از آنﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ،ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، آﮔﺮوﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ و اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫـﺎي ﺟﻮ زراﻋﯽ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ و ﺷﺶردﯾﻔﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان، 707 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺟﻮ زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 210 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺟﻮ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ و 497 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺶ ردﯾﻔﻪ از ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ و زراﻋﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﺳﻦ، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿـﭗﻫـﺎي ﺟـﻮ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﺮوه اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ، ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ روﯾﺸﯽ و زاﯾﺸﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و زودرسﺗـﺮ از ﺟـﻮ ﺷـﺶردﯾﻔـﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ وزن ﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺟﻮ ﺷـﺶردﯾﻔـﻪ ﺑـﻮد. اﯾـﻦ دو ﺗﯿـﭗ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮ زراﻋﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺖ ﺗﯿـﭗ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺟﻮ دارد، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺗﻨﮕﺎﺗﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫـﺎ ﻧﯿـﺰ دارد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﭗ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Barley has two types of two-row and six-row with different characteristics, therefore due to different climatic conditions and different uses of this crop, better identification of these characteristics will lead to proper use of them. In this research, 707 barley genotypes including 210 two-row and 497 six-row barleies were selected from the germplasm collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and were evaluated in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. The phenological, morphological and agronomic traits were recorded. According to the climatic characteristics of the origin of each genotype and the Gosan Xerotermic coefficient, genotypes were classified into four climatic groups. Results of one-way analysis of variance and mean comparison of evaluated traits indicated that, the two-row barley had a shorter vegetative period and reproductive growth, and had early maturity than the six rows. The average weight of 100 seeds in two-row barley genotypes was significantly higher than the six-row, which appears to be due to smaller seedlings of lateral florets in the six-row genotypes. The overall results showed that spike type in barley effects on morphological, agronomic and phonological traits of the crop and is related to climatic condition of origin, so, it seems that the type of spike like all other traits, has evolved to adapt to the climate of the plant's habitat.