نگاه چيني به دانش روابط بين‌الملل: چارچوبي براي تغيير نظم جهاني

Chinese view of international relations knowledge: A framework for changing the world order

در ﮐﻨﺎر رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻨﺸــﮕﺮي ﭘﮑــﻦ در ﻋﺮﺻــﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳــﺖ ﺟﻬــﺎﻧﯽ، ﯾﮑــﯽ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺬاب ﭼﺸﻢﮔﯿﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﭘﮑﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺧﯿﺰش ﻗﺪرت ﭼﯿﻦ و ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻤﺖآﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﻮدن آن را از ﻣﻨﻈﺮي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﺴﻂ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﯿﻨﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺸﻒ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘــﺎي ﭼﯿﻨــﯽ در ﺣــﻮزه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ و ﺗﺤﮑﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، در ﺗــﻼش اﺳــﺖ ﺑــﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧــﻪ و ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﯽ ﺳﻌﯽ در ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن از ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و ﺧﻠﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺑــﻮﻣﯽ دارﻧﺪ؟ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ، اﺳﺘﺪﻻل اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رﻧــﺪال ﮐــﺎﻟﯿﻨﺰ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣــ ﻮن ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﻓﮑﺮي ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ اﺳﺘﻮار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﭼﯿﻨﯽ در ﺗــﻼش ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﺑــﺎ اﺗﮑــﺎ ﺑــﻪ اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻠﯽ و اﺻﻮل ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐــﺮدن ﺗﻤــﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯿــﺎن ﺧــﻮد و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﻣﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﯽ از ﻧﻈﻢ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﮑﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋو ﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ و ﭘﻮﯾﺎي ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﭼﯿﻨﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠــﻞ، ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻫﺪاف ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ وﻗﺎﯾﻊ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﭘﺮدازي اﺳﺖ

Along with economic growth and increasing Beijing's involvement in world politics, one of the most striking aspects of Beijing's power in the current context which could explain the nature of China's rising power is the development of Chinese theories of International Relations. The article tries to explore the deep relationship between emerging Chinese theories in the field of International Relations and the consolidation of the country's position in world politics. In this regard, the article, by using descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer its main question: how and for what purpose do Chinese thinkers try to break away from the dominant Western discourse and create indigenous theories? In answer to this question, the main argument based on Randall Collins's studies of intellectual creativity is based on the logic that Chinese thinkers are trying to draw a distinction between themselves and Western thought, relying on national ideology and reliefs of China’s ancient culture to create an independent model of international order with the aim of consolidating Beijing's hegemonic position. The research findings show that the evolution and dynamic process of the Chinese School of International Relations is under broad political goals and goes beyond a rational link between foreign events and theorizing.