اﺻﻮل راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﺮم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي

Strategic Principles of Designing the form of a Residential Building in Bushehr Based on Reducing Energy Consumption

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺮان اﻧﺮژي در ﺟﻬﺎن، ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎران ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻤﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻧﺮژي در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿ ﺮي از روشﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾ ﺸﯽ ﻏ ﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺑﻪ روز ﮐﺮدن آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻣﺮوزي دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏ ﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰودن اﺣﺠﺎم ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪاز در ﻓﺮم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪازي ﻓﺮم ﺑﻨﺎ در آبوﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿ ﻖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روش ﺗﺮﮐ ﯿﺒﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ در آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و درﻧﻬ ﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘ ﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار دﯾﺰاﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻠﺪر، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻓﺮم، ﺷﮑﻞ، ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ و ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎت ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﻓﺮم ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪل اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾ ﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻤ ﯿﻊ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑ ﻬﯿﻨﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ دوﺑﺎره ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪازﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻓﺮم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪاز ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اول 25درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن دوم 16درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Given the global energy crisis, architects need to focus one of the most practical energy management solutions in buildings, the issue of using passive design strategies. By using indigenous passive cooling methods and updating them, strategies optimizing the cooling energy consumption in contemporary buildings can be achieved. The main purpose of this study was to find and prioritize inactive solutions by adding shading volumes in building form to increase the shading of the building form in the hot and humid climate of Bushehr, which can reduce the energy consumption of coolers while maintaining thermal comfort. The research method of this study was a combination of field surveys to collect data on selected buildings and the cluster method to classify the data. Then, with the help of Design Builder software, the annual energy consumption of buildings was studied. In the present study, the building was first studied in terms of form, shape, geometry and feature details and the optimal form for each model was extracted. By integrating and combining the selected optimal models, the buildings were re-examined and the amount of energy consumption reduction was analyzed. The shading selection strategies were such that by combining the appropriate form and shading elements, the energy consumption of the first building was reduced by 25% and the second building by 16%, reducing the annual initial energy consumption.