تئوديپلماسي؛ نقش توئيتر در پيشبرد ديپلماسي رسانه اي ترامپ

Twiplomacy in the Trump Presidency: The Changes of the Diplomatic Process

ﻋﺮﺻــﻪ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳــ ﯽ در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺟﻬــﺎن ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ ورود اﺑﺰارﻫــﺎي ﺗــﺎزه اي ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﻌــﺎﻣﻼت دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿــ ﮏ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﻌﺒــﺎرﺗﯽ ورود ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﻮ ﯾﮋه ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺗﻮﺋﯿﺘﺮ، ﻧﻮع ﺗﺎزه اي از روﻧﺪ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿــ ﮏ را ﺑــﻪ ﻧﻤــﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﺬاﺷــﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺋﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ، ﻧﻘﺪ و اﻇﻬﺎرﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻻن و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪاران ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷــﺪه ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﯽ را ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع روش دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﺗﺌﻮدﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ« ﺑﻮﺟــﻮد آﻣــﺪه ﮐــﻪ ﺗــﺎ اواﯾــ ﻞ ﺳــﺎل 2019ﺗﻌﺪاد 193ﮐﺸﻮر رﺳﻤﯽ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع در روﻧﺪ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧــﺪ؛ در ﻫﻤــ ﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺋﯿﺘﺮي رﯾﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻــﻠﯽ اﯾــ ﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﺮاﻣﭗ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ رواﯾﺘﯽ دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺧﻮد را در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻮﺋﯿﺘﺮ ﻋﺮﺿــﻪ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾــ ﺪ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪﻫﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮدب، ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ، ﻣﻼﯾﻢ و ﻣﺒﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. زﺑــﺎن ﺗﺮاﻣــﭗ در ﺗﻮ ﯾﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﻮدﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻏﯿﺮﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، از روشﻫﺎي دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺑــﺎ دو ﺗﮑﻨﯿــ ﮏ ﻣﻘﻮﻟــﻪاي و ارزﯾــ ﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾــ ﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮع ﺗﻮ ﯾﯿﺖﻫــﺎي ﺻــﻔﺤﺎت ﺗــﻮ ﯾﯿﺘﺮ رﺋــ ﯿﺲ ﺟﻤﻬــﻮر آﻣﺮﯾﮑــﺎ ﺗﺮاﻣــﭗ( در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 2019-2017 ﻣﯿﻼدي اﺳﺖ.

The world of diplomacy is witnessing the introduction of new tools for diplomatic engagement. In other words, the introduction of technology, especially mass media technologies such as Twitter, has introduced a new type of diplomatic process. Twitter has become a scene of attack, criticism, and commentary by activists and politicians on a variety of political and global issues that have interactive effects. This type of diplomacy was developed by the name of "Twiplomacy" that by the beginning of the year, 193 UN member states had used this type of diplomatic process. That is, the politicians of the countries had a Twitter account. To this end, this study examines the Twitter diplomacy of the Trump presidency. The key question is how and with what narrative does Trump present his diplomacy on Twitter? To answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, digital content analysis and discourse analysis with two techniques of categories and evaluation were used. The statistical population of this study is the sum of the tweets of the US President (Trump) Twitter pages in 2017-2019.