اﻧﻘﻼب ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاران ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Necessary Approaches for Scientific, Economic and Industrial Policymakers

ﺑﺪون ﺷﮏ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﺗﻤﺎم اﺑﻌﺎد ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن را ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ داده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در ﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ و ﻟﺬا اﻓﺮاد آﮔﺎه در ﻫﺮﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭼﻪ از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدي و ﭼﻪ از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ و اﻓﺮاد و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻀﻌﻒ )از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﮑﺮي، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي( روزﺑﻪروز از ﻗﺎﻓﻠﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻋﻘﺐﺗﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل، ﯾﮏ ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ، روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ را روﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮج ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﯾﺎ (Industry 4.0 ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﻧﻘﻼب و ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﺘﺪاول اﻧﻘﻼب در ﺣﺎل ﺑﻮﻗﻮع ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮج ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﻘﻼب ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺷﺎره دارد. اﯾﻦ اﻧﻘﻼب ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ را ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ زﻧﺠﯿﺮهﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺿﻪ و ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪه، ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻫﻢ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﻔﺎرﺷﯽﺳﺎزي و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺠﺎزي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﮐﺲ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮج ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دﻗﯿﻘﺎ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ و ﻗﺒﻞ از آن ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮد؟ ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ از ﺗﺤﻮﻻت و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي آﯾﻨﺪه و اﺛﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ درك ﺗﺤﻮﻻت دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﯿﺶرو، ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖﻫﺎ و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ راهﺣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﮑﻦ را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ 1. ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ راه ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ در آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، 2. ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ و راهﺣﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، 3. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.

Undoubtedly, the developments resulting from new technologies in recent years have changed the way views and all scientific, social, economic and industrial dimensions in the world. These changes are increasing much faster than before, and therefore aware people in any society, both from an individual and managerial position, prepare for these changes, and vulnerable individuals and communities (from an intellectual, managerial, and program perspective). They will lag behind the caravan of growth and excellence day by day. For example, a brief and even simple look at the effects of information and communication technologies over the past few decades can shed light on changes in social interactions, the shape of national and international markets, economic approaches, and security issues. The fourth wave of industry or (Industry 4.0) is one of these technological developments that is taking place as a revolution and with the same common meaning of revolution. The fourth industrial wave refers to the fourth industrial revolution. This revolution will change production processes, make supply chains and production processes more interconnected, efficient and flexible, and expand the discussion of customization and virtual production.Everyone is talking about the fourth wave of industry. But what exactly does this mean? an‎d what was it before that? The purpose of this article is a comprehensive review of future developments and technologies and their effects on industry and other dimensions of society. Understanding the emerging digital developments, we need to review the results of research and possible guidelines or solutions. In this way 1. Policies and roadmaps that all related industries should pursue to succeed in the future; 2. Theoretical as well as practical challenges and possible related solutions, 3. Changes in managerial and educational approaches and the contents of scientific disciplines, Will be mentioned.