كليدواژه :
ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي-ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ , داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ , روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺠﺎري_ﺳﺎزي , ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻧﻮآوريﻫﺎ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي-ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺟﻨﮓ ﺳﺮد، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد را از دوﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﻌﺎلﺗﺮي در رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢزﻣﺎن ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي اﻗﺘﺼﺎد داﻧﺶﺑﻨﯿﺎن، ﻧﻘﺶ داﻧﺶ را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮ در اﯾﺠﺎد ارزش اﻓﺰوده، ﺧﻠﻖ ﺛﺮوت ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﯾﻌﻨﯽ زﻣﯿﻦ، ﮐﺎر و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و آﻣﻮزش، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻮم دﯾﮕﺮي را ﻋﻬﺪه دار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و آن ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در اﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻧﻘﺶ داﻧﺶ در ﺧﻠﻖ ﺛﺮوت و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آن، اﯾﻦ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر از داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ و ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻓﺮوﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ درآﻣﺪي دﯾﮕﺮي ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺷﻮد. ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوش ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮐﺮدن ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و اﯾﺠﺎد ارزش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ دارد. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﭘﺮورش اﯾﺪهﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺮوتزاﯾﯽ، ارزشزاﯾﯽ، ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ و ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻧﻮآوريﻫﺎ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي؛ ﺟﻬﺖدﻫﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﮔﺮدان و ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪيﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه؛ ﺷﺮﮐﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن و ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن؛ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ در ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞﮔﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻣﺪار در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺸﺎورهاي، ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻧﻬﺎدي و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The change in the role of the university due to the change in economic-political orientations at the end of the Cold War, led to a change in attitudes toward research in academic centers. Given the new economic orientations that have shifted the role of economic management from government to market and have led to a change in attitudes toward research in universities and research centers, the demand has emerged that universities should minimize the public resources used in research. To compensate and play a more active role in the growth and development of society.At the same time, the formation of the knowledge-based economy has highlighted the role of knowledge as a more prominent factor in creating added value, wealth creation than the traditional factors of production in the economy, namely land, labor and capital. In addition to research and education, the university has another third role, which is to participate in the socio-economic development of society.These changes in the approach to resource allocation and the role of knowledge in wealth creation and the change in the direction of economic management have led to growing attention to the commercialization approach to research results in universities and research centers in developed countries. He concluded that research results should be sold to private and public sector companies in order to create other sources of revenue for these centers while funding research activities.Commercialization means turning research results into products, services, and processes that can be sold. Thus, this process emphasizes the application of research results and the creation of economic value for these results.As a result, fostering entrepreneurial ideas in the process of business development for wealth creation, value creation, taking advantage of comparative opportunities and advantages, and combining innovations and technologies in the direction of economic dynamism; Directing stray capital and directing investment flows in productive and entrepreneurial businesses within the university's capabilities;Social partners and students and teachers; It is recommended to prevent the erosion of entrepreneurial businesses in the light of continuous and process-oriented facilitations in the dimensions of consulting, financial, institutional, etc.
