آناليز، مدل‌سازي و بهينه‌سازي سيستم زمين مخازن مركز انتقال نفت و تأسيسات

Analysis, Modeling and Optimization Earthing System of Oil Storage Tanks

از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻪﺣﺎل ارﺗﯿﻨﮓ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﯿﺮه ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﻫﻤﻮاره ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت در ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﺮق ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻃﺮاف آن و اﻣﮑﺎن اﯾﺠﺎد وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﮔﺎﻣﯽ و ﺗﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد و ﻋﺒﻮر ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات و اﻓﺮاد ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮارد زﯾﺎد آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﮐﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﻔﺘﯽ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده، ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﺗﺼﺎل زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﯿﺮه ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن اﯾﻤﻨﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻻزم اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﻃﺮح ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﻔﺘﯽ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻘﺖ و ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ وﯾﮋه ﺧﺎك و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ زﻣﯿﻦ آن ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي و ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮي آن در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارCYMGRD ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﮔﺎم، ﺗﻤﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺐ آن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻃﺮح ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اداﻣﻪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ و اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮات آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻫﻢﺑﻨﺪي و ﻫﻢﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﺎزي اﺟﺰاي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از آنﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي و ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﯿﺮه ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Earthing and protection of oil and gas storage tanks has always been one of the most challenging issues in the field of electrical engineering. Due to the high area of the tanks and its surroundings and the possibility of creating high step and touch voltages caused by lightning and passing its current and creating hazard for equipments and people around, as well as many fires that occur due to lightning and electrical charges in oil tanks, the need to study and research the grounding system of oil storage tanks is necessary. In this article, first, the existing design of a sample oil reservoirs in Said Beheshti Transportation Center and facilities of Isfahan Oil Pipelines and Telecommunications Company is discussed and critiqued. It has been computerized in CYMGDR and the values of step and touch voltages, as well as ground grid resistance value have been obtained and then compared with the standard values. The existing plan disadvantages have been studied and an optimal design is selected and recommended according to the environmental conditions and observations. Then, the current instructions for protection against lightning and static electricity in different standards have been studied and different methods of dealing with fire hazards of tanks have been reviewed and compared with existing tank conditions. Finally, some recommendations for optimizing the grounding and bonding of different tank components have been represented