رويكرد منابع عصر غزنوي نسبت به فتوحات سلطان محمود در سرزمين هند( 391 ق- 415 ق)

The approach of Ghaznavid sources towards the conquests of Sultan Mahmud in India (391 AH-415 AH)

ﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﻏﺰﻧﻮي در ﺳــﺎل)351ق( ﺳــﻼﻃﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺴــﺘﺮش ﻗﻠﻤﺮو، ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ آوردن ﻣﺸـﺮوﻋﯿﺖ ﺳـﯿﺎﺳـﯽ و ﮐﺴـﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﺣﻤﻼﺗﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺪارك دﯾﺪﻧﺪ. داﻣﻨﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺣﻤﻼت ﺑﻪﺧﺼـﻮص در دورة ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻤﻼت ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻏﺰﻧﻮي ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎﺑﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺼـﺮ داﺷـﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ؟ ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮم و ﻣﻨﺜﻮر ﻋﺼـﺮ ﻏﺰﻧﻮي ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻒ ﻟﺸـﮑﺮﮐﺸـﯽﻫﺎي ﺳ ـﻠﻄﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺒﻪﻗﺎره ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي اﯾﻦ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎت داﺷـﺘﻪاﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﻫﻨﺪوان و اﺣﺪاث ﻣﺴــﺎﺟﺪ ﺑﻪﺟﺎي آنﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي اﺳــﻼﻣﯽ، ارﺳــﺎل ﺑﺨﺶ از ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺧﻼﻓﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺳﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدات اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﻮد را ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎت ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ.

Abstract After the establishment of the Ghaznavid government in 351 AH, the kings of this government attacked different parts of India in order to expand their territory and to gain political legitimacy and economic benefits. The scope and intensity of these attacks expanded especially during the reign of Sultan Mahmud. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, seeks to answer what repercussions the attacks of Sultan Mahmud had on the sources of this era. According to the findings of this study, the poetic and prose works of the Ghaznavid era, though highlighting the economic dimensions of those conquests, by addressing issues such as ruining Hindu temples and constructing mosques instead, teaching Islamic principles, sending portions of trophies to the center of the Islamic Caliphate, and also allocating some portions to Sadat, religious motives of Sultan Mahmud has been said to be the main reason behind those conquests.