چكيده لاتين :
1. Introduction
The wonder books, which contain a collection of teachings of past
ages regarding various fields such as the creation of creatures, the sky
and constellations, geography, zoology, botany, mineralogy and
anthropology, etc., are mainly among the foremost scientific sources.
That is why it is important to be familiar with them in order to study
the subjects of creation, ontology, history of science, and the schools
that influence the formation of topics. In the history of Islamic
philosophy, Corben mentions the authors of the Wonder Books as
"encyclopedists" and considers some of them to be representatives of
the "universal phenomenon" of philosophers. Of course, he believes
that these writers, by delving into the details, reflect views "that
philosophers could not address in their natural and divine treatises"
(Corben, 2001: 392).
2. Methodology
This research is descriptive and analytical and has been done by
examining texts and sources such as Wonder Books, related
encyclopedias, authoritative scientific books and articles. In the initial
stage, considering the diversity of opinions in Al-Tusi Wonder Book,
firstly, the classification of intellectual tendencies is dealt with and
then, the influence of the opinions of scholars and philosophers,
legislators, theologians, etc. on the description of creation in this work 3. Discussion
In his book called Aja'ib al-Makhluqat wa Ghara'ib al-
Mawjudat (The Wonders of Creatures and the Marvels of Creation),
A1-Tusi has used the views of the ruling schools of his time such as
legislators, theologians, sages, materialists, naturalists, astronomers
and philosophers in designing some topics, especially the subject of
creation. These different groups, mainly in the design of issues and
discussions, have adopted methods based on their intellectual
approach.
3.1. Legislators
One of the lines of thought and belief influencing the description of
creation in A1-Tusi's Aja’ib al-Makhluqat is the view of the
legislators. Given the dominance of the Shari'a-based view in A1-
Tusi's time, as well as the government's emphasis on its connection to
a religious community to which it owes its legitimacy, A1-Tusi, as is
evident from his work, has used religious documents to address his
issue.
3.2. Theologians
Another intellectual source of the A1-Tusi era was theologians. In his
Aja'ib al-Makhluqat, Al-Tusi makes no direct reference to theological
discussions; but by paying close attention to the structure of topics
such as the creation of creatures, it can be inferred that the expression
is based on the reasoning system of theologians. Theologians, in their
method of reasoning, generally resort to presenting a diagrammatic
scheme; He does the same in different positions.
3.3. Scholars and philosophers
A1-Tusi has also benefited from the scholars men and philosophers in
arranging his work according to the style and context of the Wonder
Writers, using different views on the subject of the creation of
phenomena. In Aja'ib al-Makhluqat, he adopts a dual approach to
their views
3.4. Other thought groups: (materialists, naturalists,
astronomers, etc.)
A1-Tusi, being aware of the common beliefs of materialists such as
the sages in the matter of creation, has a dual approach to their views,
sometimes referring to their views only without comment and sometimes criticizing materialists’ reasoning by emphasizing the
inability of their reasoning method.
3.5. The structure of creation in Aja'ib al-Makhluqat wa
Ghara'ib al-Mawjudat of A1-Tusi based on the opinions of
different schools
In most of the works that have dealt with the subject of creation in the
time of A1-Tusi, examples such as matter, duration and means have
been considered by the authors. Accordingly, the leading research has
presented the views of the schools of thought influencing the
description of creation under such headings as: matter, duration, and
means, which lead to the universe of possibility.
4. Conclusion
In the course of this study, according to the text of the wonder book,
the most important views of the intellectual and doctrinal schools of
thought in the time of A1-Tusi on creation were extracted and then
analyzed. Based on the studies conducted, due to the need for a brief
knowledge of schools, the common discourses in the Seljuk era were
first introduced under the title of intellectual and discourse schools
ruling in the fifth and sixth centuries AH in Iran. Accordingly,
theologians, sages, philosophers and other groups were introduced as
the most important intellectual groups. In this study, it was concluded
that in addition to the intellectual source of these currents, A1-Tusi
also benefited from their methods of reasoning and their intellectual
structure.
