كاركردهاي عرفاني تلميحات و اقتباس هاي قرآني سلطان‌ولد در عرصۀ غزل

Soltan Valad’s mystic use of allusions and Quranic concepts in his sonnets

ﺑﻬﺎءاﻟﺪّﯾﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎنوﻟﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﺮﻓﺎي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪ و از اﻗﻄﺎب ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮥ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻼم ﭘﺪرش ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﺳﻠﺴﻠﮥ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﯾﻪ، از ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻓﮑﺮي ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪﮔﺎر ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش آن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. وي ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷـﺎرح اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﮥ ﻣﻮﻟﻮي اﺳـﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در ﻋﺮﺻﮥ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻧﺎﺑﯽ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ در آﺛﺎرش ﺗﺒﻠﻮري ﺧﺎص دارد. ﻏﻮر در آﺛﺎر او ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ وي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷـﮕﺮﻓﯽ از ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻠﻄﺎنوﻟﺪ ﺧﻮد را ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ و ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﻠﻮك ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راه ﺣﻖ و ادراك ﻣﺮﺗﺒﮥ ﻓﻨﺎي ﻓﯽ اﷲ و ﻗﺪم ﮔـﺬاﺷــﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ آﺳــﺘـﺎن ﺑﻘـﺎي اﻟﻬﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ از ﻏﻮاﻣﺾ وداﯾﻊ اﻟﻬﯽ ﭘﺮده ﺑﺮدارد و ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﮑﺮ آﯾﺎت ﻗﺮآن را آﺷـﮑﺎرﺳﺎزد. وي ﺣﺘﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﮥ ﻏﺰلﺳﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ دارد و ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از دﻗﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و دﯾﻨﯽ را ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼم وﺣﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ و ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴــﺘﺎر ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﺑﺎ ﺷــﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳــﺖ، ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺤﺎت و اﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳــﻬﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﺳــﻠﻄﺎنوﻟﺪ را در ﻋﺮﺻــﮥ ﻏﺰل ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ رﻫﻨﻤﻮن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﯾﺎت وﺣﯽ در ﻏﺰﻟﯿﺎت ﺳﻠﻄﺎنوﻟﺪ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ دارد و وﻟﺪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺴــﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮥ ﻓﮑﺮي و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄوﯾﻠﺸــﺎن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. وي از ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺎت ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﺻﻮل و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻠﻮك ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﻮارد، ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ اﻧﺒﯿﺎي ﻋﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﺣﻮادث زﻣﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮادث زﻣﺎن ﺧﻮد وﻓﻖ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

Baha Soltan Valad is one of the prominent mystics and a pioneer of Molavi’s school of thought who could preserve and develop his father’s school of thinking by explaining it and organizing Moulaviyeh chain. He not only was the commentator of Moulavi’s thought but also gained so much experience in mysticism, which have particular reflection in his works. A thorough contemplation of his works shows that he was deeply influenced by the Quran. Soltan Valad considered himself as a commentator of the Quran and believed that he was able to unravel the Quranic verses and unveil their mystic meanings. This was because of his practical self-purification, understanding of the value of subjugation to God and reaching the threshold of divine domain. Even in his sonnets, he has Quranic speech and explains many of the mystic and religious facts by referring to the verses of the Quran. In this study, the authors investigate Soltan Valad’s allusions to and concepts borrowed from the Quran. The results of the study show that the verses of the Book have been widely used in his sonnets in line with his thoughts, and he has sometimes interpreted them. He makes use of the anecdotes of prophets to explain the principals of mystic deeds. In many cases, he compares himself with grand prophets and adapts the events of his time to those of the prophets.