تحليل اصطلاح «بخت» در منظومۀ «هفت پيكر» از منظر تقديرگرايي زرواني، بانگاهي به نظريۀ تحليل‌گفتمان

Analyzing the word "Fortune" in the "Haft peykar" from the perspective of Zurvanian fatalism, regarding to “Critical discourse analysis”

ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺣﻮزة ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ادﺑﯿّﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ راه ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ. ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﭘﺮدازان، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ زﺑﺎن در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد واژهﻫﺎﺳــﺖ. در اﯾﻦ روش، ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﯾﮏ زﺑﺎن، ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﻈﺎم زﺑﺎن ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻒ ﺻـﻮرتﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟّﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺎي واژة »ﺑﺨﺖ« در آﺛﺎر ﺷـﻌﺮا، اﯾﻦ واژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان واژهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸﺎندار در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ در ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﮔﻮﯾﻨـﺪﮔـﺎن آﻧﻬـﺎ دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺎﻟـﻪ، ارﺗﺒﺎط اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ واژهﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮥ »ﻫﻔﺖﭘﯿﮑﺮ« ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ زُرواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ واژهﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺮاﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﻧﭽﻪ در ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﻠﺎف اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ از ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ و ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ ﺗﻔﺴـﯿﺮ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻪ ﻟﺎﯾﮥ ﻓﺮﮐﻠﺎف ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺻـﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ )ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ واژهﻫﺎ، دﺳـﺘﻮر، ﻧﻈﺎم آواﯾﯽ و اﻧﺴﺠﺎم در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ(، ﮐﺮدار ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ )ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻣﺼــﺮف ﻣﺘﻮن( و ﮐﺮدار اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از اﯾﻦ ﺳــﻪ ﻟﺎﯾﻪ، ﺑﺨﺶ »ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳــﻄﺢ واژهﻫﺎ« ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺿــﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ واژهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸــﺎندار ﭼﻮن ﺑﺨﺖ و ﻧﻈﺎﯾﺮآن، درﺑﺎره اﻏﺮاض ﺛﺎﻧﻮي و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﺄوﯾﻠﯽ و ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن، ﺑﺎ اراﺋﮥ ﺷــﻮاﻫﺪ، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ آراي ﮐﻠﺎﻣﯽ اﺷـﻌﺮي را ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮده اﺳـﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از واژهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﺨﺖ؛ از اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻔﮑّﺮ زُرواﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Fatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Whereas, based on the theories of theorists such as Yule, Brown and Fairclough, discourse analysis is applied to language, it cannot be limited to describing linguistic statements that are independent of the purposes and functions that these statements are designed to address in human affairs. , Given the high frequency of words like "fortune" in the books of many poets and writers, these words should be regarded as "signified" words that carry the meta-semantic and transnational concept, rooted in the subconscious and ideology of their speakers. In this article I will attempt to examine the relationship of these words in "Haft peykar” ‘s Nezami poem with Zurvanian fatalism thinking and to analyze the discourse based on Norman Fairclough 's theory of analysis. In this article, while discussing these vocabulary, the persistence and effect of Zoroastrian-Mehri fatefulness on the thoughts and works of writers and poets, as well as the transmission of this thinking to later periods are discussed