كليدواژه :
اﻧﻮري اﺑﯿﻮردي , ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮن ﺷﺸﻢ , رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎت , ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و درونﻣﺎﯾﻪ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﮑﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﺻّﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ درك درﺳﺖﺗﺮ از آن ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اوﺣﺪاﻟﺪّﯾﻦ اﻧﻮري اﺑﯿﻮردي )575 ﻫـ .ق( ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﺷﻌﺮاي ﺑﺰرگ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ﻗﺮن ﺷﺸﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ دﯾﻮان ﺷﻌﺮي او در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐﻫـﺎي ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮن ﻗﺼـﯿﺪه، ﻏﺰل، ﻗﻄﻌﻪ و رﺑﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺮوده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺒﮏ اﻧﻮري در اﺷﻌﺎر و ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎﺗﺶ، ﺣﺪّ واﺳـﻂ ﺳـﺒﮏ-ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﻋﺮاﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻌﺮي در ادﺑﯿّﺎت ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻗـﺮاردادي ﺧـﺎص ﺧـﻮد را اﯾﻔـﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، رﺑﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي اﺻﯿﻞ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ: ﮔـﺬرا ﺑـﻮدن ﻋﻤﺮ، ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺸﻘﯽ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ، ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎت، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎرﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ، ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻪ و ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻞ و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ، اﻏﺘﻨﺎم ﻓﺮﺻﺖ، ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ، ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﻋﺸﻘﯽ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و درونﻣﺎﯾـﮥ 100 رﺑﺎﻋﯽ از رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎت اﻧﻮري1 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐـﻪ در ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر رﺑﺎﻋﯿّـﺎت اﻧﻮري ﺳﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ و ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺪرﺳﺘﯽ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻧﻮري از ﻧﻈﺮ درونﻣﺎﯾﻪ، ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع-ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ، ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﺸﻘﯽ، اﻏﺘﻨﺎم دم و ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ را دﺳﺘﻤﺎﯾﮥ ﻣﻀﻤﻮنﺳـﺎزي ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ رﺑﺎﻋﯽﻫﺎي وي از ﺗﻨﻮّع ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺳﺘﻮاري رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎت اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان رﺑﺎﻋﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﻮري را از ﺟﻤﻠـﮥ درﺧﺸـﺎنﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺑﺎﻋﯿّﺎت ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر آورد.
چكيده لاتين :
Every Persian poetic form has its own stylistic and structural features the knowledge of which provides better understanding of the poems. Ouhad al-Din Anwari Abivardi was a great Persian poet in the sixth century AH, whose collection of poems was written in various forms of ode, lyric, piece and quatrain. Anwari's style, especially in his quatrains, is something between Khorasani and Iraqi styles. Every form of poetry plays a special conventional role in the literature. Quatrain, as an instance, is an original form of Persian language so far used in various themes such as transient life, love themes, philosophical topics and educational teachings. Research suggests that enduring quatrains are those that structurally involve description, recommendation and analysis and conceptually have themes on philosophy, seizing opportunities, education and love. In this research, the structure and theme of 100 quatrains written by Anwari quatrains are studied by the descriptive-analytical method and through library sources. The findings of this study refer to three elements in Anwari’s quatrains, including description, recommendation and analysis. From the thematic point of view, the poems have contents on philosophical concepts and tail swings as well as valuable educational themes, all of which reinforce the poet's quatrains.
