پديد آورندگان :
اﻟﻮاﻧﯽ، ﻣﻬﺪي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪﻗﺰوﯾﻦ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ دوﻟﺘﯽ، ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ، اﯾﺮان , ﺣﻤﯿﺪي زاده، ﻋﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ دوﻟﺘﯽ، ﻗﻢ، اﯾﺮان , ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ راد، ﻣﯿﻨﺎ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ، ﻗﻢ، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم , ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ , ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ , ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ
چكيده فارسي :
اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺮ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم" و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﻣﯽ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ و آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﺪن اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: ﺧﻮدﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ، ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي"، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ"، و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم در ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﯿﺶازﭘﯿﺶ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داده اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي، دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي واﺣﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم اراﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺳﻼﺋﻖ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم و ﺣﺘﯽ در ﻧﺤﻮه دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎ و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﮑﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ اﺑﻬﺎم در ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم، ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺳﺮدرﮔﻤﯽ و اﺑﻬﺎم ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺟﺬب و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﯾﻦاﺳﺎس، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر، ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﯾﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ SID ،ProQuest ،Eric ،Science direct ،Scopus ، Noormagz ،Magiran، ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 2008 ﺗﺎ 2020 و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿﺪ واژهي "Soft skills" / "ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم"، اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺮور اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ روي 48 ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم"، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان زﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ"، و ﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺮادف ﺑﺎ آن و ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ، در دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Today, the importance of "soft skills" and their role in the people's jobs success is highly emphasized. The recent experience of the Corona pandemic and the emergence of the need for these skills such as "self-management", "adaptability and flexibility", "positive attitude", and other soft skills of employees have increased organizations' attention to training and developing such skills. Unfortunately, there is no single classification for soft skills in the theoretical literature and have been employed personal tastes in choosing title for soft skills components and how to categorized and numbered them. Therefore, this ambiguity in what are the soft skills has caused confusion and ambiguity among managers and HR professionals, especially when recruiting and developing employees. Accordingly, the present study uses a systematic review method to accurately define and identify the components of human resources soft skills. To do this, a targeted search has conducted in Persian and English databases including "Scopus", "Science direct", "Eric", "ProQuest", "SID", "Magir@n", "Noormagz", between 2008 and 2020, using the keyword "Soft skills". Finally, based on a review of 48 selected studies, "soft skills" consist of twenty components are classified into two categories of personal and social soft skills as a subset of "general skills", not synonyms with them.
