تدوين الگويي براي دانشگاه كارآفرين مبتني بر مهارت ها و مشاغل آينده

Development a model for the entrepreneurial university based on future skills and tasks

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎز آﻣﻮزي ﻣﻬﺎرت در آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﺮﻧﺪد ﺗﺌﻮري و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ 20 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻤّﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪء ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 385 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ، ﺑﻪ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ داراي 6 ﺑﻌُﺪ و 20 ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻌُﺪِ » ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آﯾﻨﺪه «، »ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ«، »ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي«، »ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ«، »راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ« و »ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ« ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽِ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 0/4 اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﮑﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪل ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري دارد. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﺎي دوي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 3 و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮازش اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه )AGFI( ﺑﺎﻻي 0/7 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺎ )RMSEA( ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ از 0/1 ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﮕﻮ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري دارد. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﺑﺎزآﻣﻮزي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In this research, a model for Entrepreneurship University based on future skills and jobs has been developed and validated. The research method in this article was mixed model research that based on grounded theory (by interviewing 20 experts in the field) and the quantitative method based on questionnaire taken from the indicators of the qualitative stage and based on valid 385 questionnaires. The research findings in the qualitative part showed that this model has 6 outcomes and 20 components. This set includes the "Entrepreneurial University for Future Skills and Careers", "Causal Conditions", "Background Conditions", "Intervention Factors", "Strategies" and "Consequences and Outcomes". The findings of the quantitative part also showed that factor loads of all indicators were higher than 0.4. The goodness indicators of the model fit also showed that the relative chi-square index value is less than 3 and the Adjusted Goodness of fit index (AGFI) and the adaptive fit index (CFI) have been above 0.7. The root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) was also less than 0.1. Therefore, such a model has a good explanation in the statistical population. As a result, we can say that the University of Entrepreneurship can invest in future skills and work in developing and promoting entrepreneurship and retraining skills in order to carry out future activities. Therefore, creating a fundamental and structural change in other cases and pillars of the country's universities in order to move towards entrepreneurship based on future skills and work will cause the growth and development of the country