كاربست پايداري در طرح‌هاي توسعه‌شهري بر اساس تحليل‌ محتوا (موردپژوهي؛ كلانشهركرج)

Application of Sustainability in Urban Development Projects based on Critical Discourse Analysis (Case Study: Karaj Metropolis)

ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻮزون ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. در واﻗﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎرغ از ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ . در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﮐﺮج ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎيﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮردي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎيﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺷﻬﺮي ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرﻣﯽرود، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در آن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔـﺮدد . در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺳﯿـﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﻟﯿـﺴﺘﯽ از ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ )ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠـﻞ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪ )UNCSD (، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻤﮑﺎري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي وﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ )OECD ( و ...( اﺣﺼﺎء ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﮔﯿـﺮي از روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ "ﮐﺘﺎبﺳﺒﺰ" )ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺗﯽ دﻓﺘـﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ وﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ )ORD3 ( در اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه( و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﻧﺎم وزارت آﺑﺎداﻧﯽ وﻣﺴﮑﻦ)1353(، ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ -ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺳﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ AHP ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و دﻟﻔﯽ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﻧـﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ؛ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد وﻟﯿﮑﻦ در ﺧﺮوﺟـﯽ ﻃـﺮح، ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﻣـﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎ در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و اراﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح رﻫﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑـﯽ از اﺑﺰارﻫـﺎي دﺳـﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ، ﺑـﺎزﻧﮕﺮي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮد.

Developing countries have always been associated with a kind of uneven development. In fact, a set of influential factors in these countries have made them act independently of any planning and programmability. In this study, the metropolis of Karaj, with the experience of various urban development plans, was selected as a case study to apply the concept of sustainability in the context of urban development plans, which is the purpose of this study. In this descriptive-analytical study with systematic analysis technique, a list of indicators of sustainability from reliable sources (World Bank, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), etc.) Counted. Then, using the "Green Book" methodology (part of the strategic and research program of the Office of Research and Development (ORD3) in the United States) and according to the law of renaming the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (1353), the classification and localization of the index evaluation and sustainability management of development projects were carried out. The results of the evaluation using AHP technique, content analysis and Delphi show two stages; the rate of application of sustainable development indicators in the stage of recognizing urban development plans is at a relatively desirable level, but in the output of the plan, the relationship between the indicators in recognizing the current situation and presenting the plan is left. Therefore, it is necessary to make a fundamental review in the process of preparing and content of urban development plans as one of the means to achieve development.