رفتارهاي شهروندي مردم شهر تهران؛ فعال يا فرسايش هنجارها

Citizenship Behaviors in the People of Tehran; Active or Erosion of Norms

ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﻮﯾﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪرن، از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ اﻧﻮاع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺑﻌﺎد و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻓﻌﺎل در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري آن را »ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﻓﺮاد 15 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻮع »ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي« ﺑﻮده و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ2400 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ »ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ« اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻓﻌﺎل در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ: ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻣﻮردﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﻣﺮدم، ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل )46 درﺻﺪ( و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﯾﮏ ﭼﻬﺎرم )26 درﺻﺪ( ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/36 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در اﻣﻮر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ2/9 ، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/25، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/61 و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﯿﺰان اﺣﺴﺎس ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/64 ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در واﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻣﺮدم ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﺗﺮ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي در ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. درﻣﺠﻤﻮع از 13 رﻓﺘﺎر ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﭼﻬﺎر رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﮕﯽ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯽ، ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ و اﺧﻼق ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻮده ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Citizenship is important as one of the components of modern society. The purpose of this study was to describe a variety of citizenship behaviors between people in Tehran. It is also tried to analyze the dimensions and behaviors of citizenship based on demographic variables. The method of this study was A survey and its population was 15 years or more in 2017.The sampling method is multi-stage and the sample size is 2400 according to The cochran formula. A questionnair tool was used for data collection. The concept of active citizenship has been measured by four components: citizen participation, citizen responsibility, citizen socialization, and citizen identity.The results show that half of the people are active citizens (46%) and a quarter (26%) are passive citizens. The average active citizenship status is 3.36 (range 1 to 2). Also, the mean score for social participation was 2.9, social responsibility was 3.25, citizenship was 3.61, and 3.64 perceived citizenship. In fact, the level of citizenship participation is passive. On the contrary, the sense of citizenship identity shows the active state.Among all types of citizenship behaviors: neighborhood behaviors, community-based behaviors, traffic issues, and urban ethics indicate a favorable situation. On the other hand, there is the erosion of citizen participation norms.