تبيين پايداري در مديريت پروژه (مورد پژوهي؛ پروژه هاي مسكن قابل استطاعت شهر اصفهان)

Explaining Sustainability in Project Management (Case Study: Affordable Housing Projects in Isfahan)

ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺧﯿﺮاً ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﻄﻖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ دارد و ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در اﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﻮد دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎاﯾﻦوﺟﻮد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰي را در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف داﻧﺸﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﺮور ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ادﺑﯿﺎت، ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪن ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺮوژه را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺳﭙﺲ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺮي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ادراك ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ وﺳﺎز ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺪل اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه؛ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ "ﻣﺰﯾﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ذي ﻧﻔﻌﺎن، ﺗﯿﻢ ﭘﺮوژه؛ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ" در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 64/76 درﺻﺪ از وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﮐﻞ ﻣﺪل را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ در ﻫﺪف ﮔﺬاري ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﮐﻢ درآﻣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﯽ در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن ﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

One of the most important challenges of our time is sustainability which has recently been linked to project management. The logic behind this connection is that sustainability needs change and projects bring about change. Meanwhile, the management of affordable housing projects, conceptually and operationally, has a high capacity to include sustainability in its dimensions; however it has received little attention in the literature. In this study in order to address this knowledge gap, at first the conceptual framework, boundaries, and key factors for incorporating sustainability into project management were identified through a systematic review of the literature. Then, in order to explain the obtained theoretical model, the perception of managers of construction companies in Isfahan Concerning sustainable management of affordable housing projects was measured. Besides explaining the proposed model, the results demonstrated that the six factors: "economic and competitive advantage; contextual conditions dominating project management; stakeholder management; project team; social responsibility and technology and environmental design" together account for 64.76% of the total variance of the model. It is worth noting that, the nature of affordable housing projects in targeting low-income urban groups, has brought about economic and competitive advantages as the most important components which have a significant role in achieving sustainability in Their management.