سنجش سواد زيست‌محيطي و رابطه آن با اخلاق زيست‌محيطي

Assessing Environmental Literacy and its Relationship with Environmental Ethics

ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاد و اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨـﺪه در ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ از ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﺖ و ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ دارد. در ﺻـﻮرت ﻋـﺪم ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري ﮐﺸﺎورزان از ﺳﻮاد زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﯽرود ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺒﺮانﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ وارد ﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺳﻮاد زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و راﺑﻄﻪ آن ﺑﺎ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﺖﺣﯿﺪرﯾﻪ اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪ. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧـﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ 3000 ﮐﺸـﺎورز ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻣﺮﮐـﺰي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﺖﺣﯿﺪرﯾﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 250ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑـﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 19-SPSS ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﻣـﺎرهﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ )ﻓﺮاواﻧـﯽ، درﺻـﺪ، ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ( و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ )رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد داﻧﺶ، رﻓﺘﺎر، ﻧﮕﺮش و اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﺎن در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻗﺮار دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺳـﻮاد زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي آن ﯾﻌﻨﯽ داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش و رﻓﺘﺎر و اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨـﯽدار وﺟـﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ داﻧﺶ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺣﺪود 12درﺻﺪ، ﻧﮕﺮش زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ 21درﺻﺪ و رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ 33 درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﭘـﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨـﯽ اﺧـﻼق زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻮاد زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزان و ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي آن ﯾﻌﻨﯽ داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش و رﻓﺘﺎر و اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آﻧـﺎن راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار وﺟﻮد دارد، در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و ارﺗﻘﺎي اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزان، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢ داﻧـﺶ، ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻧﮕـﺮش و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آﻧﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻣﻮزش و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﻮقﻫﺎ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ

Attention to environmental literacy and ethics in agriculture has a decisive role in nature conservation and production resources. If farmers do not have environmental literacy, irreparable damage to the environment is expected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate environmental literacy and its relationship with environmental ethics among farmers in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh. Method: This research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all 3000 farmers in the central part of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, 250 of whom were selected using Cochran formula by multistage random sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation) and inferential statistics (regression), using SPSS-19 software. Results: The results showed that the knowledge, behavior, attitude and environmental ethics of the respondents were in a desirable condition. There is also a positive and significant relationship between environmental literacy and each of its components, namely knowledge, attitude and behavior and environmental ethics. Also, environmental knowledge about 12%, environmental attitude 21% and environmental behavior 33% have the ability to predict environmental ethics. Conclusion: There is a positive and significant relationship between farmers' environmental literacy and each of its components ie their knowledge, attitude and behavior and environmental ethics, consequently, it is necessary to improve and enhance farmers' environmental ethics by increasing their knowledge level, improving their attitude and enhancing their environmental behavior through education and considering appropriate incentives and incentives.