ارتباط دانش، نگرش و رفتار زيست محيطي با توسعه اخلاق زيست محيطي

The Relationship between Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior with the Development of Environmental Ethics

اﺧﻼق ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در رﻓﻊ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و راه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺣﯿﺎي ارزش ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو آﮔﺎه ﺳﺎزي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزش و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و داده ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، 245 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮودﺷﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 150 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. اﺑـﺰار ﮔـﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻟﯿﮑﺮت 5 ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اي ﺑﻮد. داده ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﮔﯿـﺮي از ﻓـﻦ ﻣـﺪل ﺳـﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري )SEM( ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد روش ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺟﺰﺋﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Smart PLS 2 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد، داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش، رﻓﺘﺎر و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ دارﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ0/816 و ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ داري 27/507ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ و داﻧﺶ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ 0/233و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ داري 2/168 ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش و رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻘﻮﯾـﺖ ﺷـﻮد، اﺣﺴـﺎس ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﻃﺮاف ﺧﻮد ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و در ﺣﻞ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

Ethics has been considered as an effective factor in resolving environmental crises and the way to prevent environmental degradation is to revive moral values. Therefore, public awareness of the value and importance of the environment is essential for the development of environmental ethics. Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of information and data collection. The statistical population of the study was 245 petrochemical employees of Marvdasht city. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 150 people. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire. The scoring of the questionnaire was 5-point Likert. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that knowledge, attitude, behavior and acceptance of environmental responsibility have a positive and significant relationship with the development of environmental ethics. Among these, acceptance of environmental responsibility with path coefficient of 0.816 and significance coefficient of 27.507 has the highest relationship and environmental knowledge with path coefficient of 0.233 and significance coefficient of 2.168 has the least relation with the development of environmental ethics. Conclusion: According to the research findings, if environmental knowledge, attitude and behavior are strengthened in people, they will feel more responsible for the environment around them and try to solve environmental crises, thus environmental ethics develops in society.