پديد آورندگان :
اميري، ربيع داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي - ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﯽ، ايران , زيني وند، تورج داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي - ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﯽ، ايران , اميري، جهانگير داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي - ﮔﺮوه زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﯽ، ايران
كليدواژه :
ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ , رﻣﺰﮔﺎن و ﭘﯿﺮس , ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺴﯽ , وﻃﻦ , اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺴﯽ , دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﭼﺎرﻟﺰ ﭘﯿﺮس
چكيده فارسي :
ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ادﺑﯽ از ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ادﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ در ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮي ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد و ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎوش در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﮥ ﻣﺘﻦ، ﮐﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي دروﻧﯽ آن را ﮐﺸﻒ و ﻣﺪﻟﻮل و ﻣﻘﺼﻮد اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ را ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﭘﯿﺮس ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﻬﻮرﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﭘﺮدازان ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﮥ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻪ وﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ، ﺗﺤﻮل ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورد و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر دﻻﻟﺘﯽ آﺛﺎر ادﯾﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ از ارﺗﺒﺎط، ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻪ ﺟﺰء آن، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﻮن، ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ و ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ. ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﭘﯿﺮس از زﻧﺠﯿﺮه اي از دال ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺪﻟﻮل ﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻋﻠﯽ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻌﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﻔﺎوت دارد و ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺻﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮي اش از زﺑﺎن ﻣﺠﺎزي و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻏﺮاض ﺷﻌﺮي اش را ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺴﯽ، ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﺳﻮري، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪاﻧﻪاش ﺑﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﺗﻔﮑﺮات ﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﯿﻬﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﯽ و وﻃﻦ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﭘﺮﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﺷﻌﺮش اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺴﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺎم ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ ﺧﻮد از زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﭼﺎﻟﺰ ﭘﯿﺮس ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم وﻃﻦ ﭘﺮدازد و ﻧﻘﺶ رﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻫﺎ را در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ. از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي وﻃﻦ دوﺳﺘﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺴﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﻖ اﺛﺮ، زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ، زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. وي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭼﯿﻨﺶ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺮﯾﺢ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻫﻢ و در درون ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺘﻦ، دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺿﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم وﻃﻦ را ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﯿﺎل اﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ذﻫﻦ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺧﻮد را از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﮐﻼم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻦ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐﺮده و اﻏﺮاض ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﮥ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در وراي واژﮔﺎن و ﻋﺒﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮش را ﺑﺎزﮔﻮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Literary semiotics is a new method of literary criticism that examines the role of linguistic signs in the creation of poetic themes and manifests its internal actions by exploring the secondary layers of the text and represents the main meaning and purpose of the poet. Pierce is one of the most famous semiotic theorists who, by presenting a three-dimensional model for the sign, created a great change in this science and provided the ground for criticizing the semantic structure of literary works. The concept of sign in this model arises from the relationship between its three components, namely representation, interpretation and subject. Signs in Pierce's theory consist of a chain of causes and effects that are governed by a kind of cause and effect relationship. The new poetry is completely different from the old one in terms of structure and content, and instead of explicitly expressing the themes of his poetry, the poet uses virtual language and linguistic symbols and indirectly expresses the purposes of his poetry. Suleiman Al-Issi is a famous Syrian poet and one of the poets of modernity whose most important and frequent subject of his poetry is patriotism due to his committed tendency towards the literature and thoughts of nationalism. Considering that Suleiman Al-Issi also uses covert and indirect language to express his literary messages and uses language signs, the present study based on Pierce's theory tries to analyze the signs related to the concept of homeland and to critique the role of secrets in the construction of signs. The concept of homeland in Al-Issi's poetry is not limited to his country, Syria, but includes the entire Arab world. From the results of the research, it can be pointed out that the signs of patriotism in the poems of Suleiman Al-Issi have been produced in the form of cryptographic structures of the creator of the work, aesthetics, space, time and intertextuality. Through the correct aArrangement of explicit meanings together and within the context of the text, he expresses the implicit meanings of the concept of homeland in imaginative language, thereby guiding the reader's mind from the surface of speech to the deepest layers of the text and by this, he has recited the secondary intentions behind words and the phrases of his poetry. Therefore, in this way, it gives sensory and tangible effects to abstract concepts. Hence, Al-Issi can be considered one of the best poets in the Arab world in using abstract concepts in an eloquent, effective and at the same time believable format that can impress any reader. He develops readers’ minds to feel the poetry more easily and sympathize with it.
