كليدواژه :
اﺣﻤﺪ ﺷﻮﻗﯽ , ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺮده , ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ , ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ادﺑﯽ , ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري
چكيده فارسي :
روش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ آن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻫﺸﺖ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ادﺑﯽِ ﭘﯿﺎم، ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﺻﻮري، ﻟﻔﻈﯽ، ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﺎﯾﯽ، ادﺑﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﮏ اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﻠﯽ آن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﮑﺮي واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ در روش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در دو ﮐﺘﺎب اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪاﻟﺒﻼﻏﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ و اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ از ﺳﻨﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺛﺮ ادﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ وي ﺿﻤﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺒﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺑﻼﻏﺖ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، ﺳﻌﯽ دارد دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ادﺑﯽ را در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﻨﺪد. آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﭘﯽ آن ﺑﻮدهاﯾﻢ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ادﺑﯽ ﻗﺼﯿﺪۀ »ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺮده«ي اﺣﻤﺪ ﺷﻮﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ روش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﺻﻮري، ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺼﯿﺪۀ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺮده از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، رﻣﺰ و اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﻮري و ﺟﻨﺎس و ﺗﻮازن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﺎﯾﯽ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﮥ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺑﺨﺸﯽ داراي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ و در اﻟﻘﺎي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ و ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار و ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻈﻢ آﻫﻨﮓ دروﻧﯽ، ﺟﻨﺒﮥ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﺼﯿﺪه را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻗﺼﯿﺪه ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻔﻈﯽ، ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺻﻮرﺧﯿﺎل، راﺑﻄﻪاي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دارﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در آن ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ دارﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺼﯿﺪه از ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ و اﻧﺪام واري ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﻣﺮ، آن را ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا، در ردﯾﻒ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺪاﺋﺢ ﻧﺒﻮي ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The structuralism method, which is considered by Mahmoud Bostani as one of the methods of text analysis, analyzes a literary work based on eight literary elements: message, subject, semantic, formal, verbal, musical, literary and structure and by explaining the relationship between the aesthetic and semantic aspects of a literary work, examines and analyzes its general structure as a single body. Bostani's views on the structural method, which he explains and introduces in the two books "Al-Qawa'd al-Balaghah in the light of the Islamic method" and "Al-Balaghah al-Hadith in the light of the Islamic method", is a combination of traditionalism and modernism in the analysis of a literary work. This means that he tries to apply new literary perspectives in studying and analyzing the work based on its structure and texture, while adhering to traditional rhetoric. What we are looking for in this research is the study of the beauties and literary meanings of Nahj al-Burdeh's ode by Ahmad Shoghi based on Mahmoud Bostani's structuralism method and based on four elements: semantic, formal, musical and structure, in this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Burda's ode, among the mentioned elements, mystery and metaphor as two elements of formal elements, pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to aesthetic aspects, had a semantic function and played an effective role in inducing concepts and themes. In this regard, we found that in Nahj al-Barda's ode, among the mentioned elements, code and metaphor as two elements of formal elements and pun and balance as musical elements, in addition to the aesthetic aspect, also had a semantic function and played a role in inducing concepts and themes. They have been effective and the element of repetition and contrast as semantic elements, by creating an internal rhythm, have also strengthened the aesthetic aspect of the ode and based on the element of structure, we found that the themes and concepts of the ode with each other and with other verbal and musical elements and imagination have a reciprocal relationship. In other words, the elements of aesthetics and semantics in this ode are interrelated, which indicates that this ode has homogeneity and organism of the text and this has made it one of the best prophetic praises, not only in form and structure, but also in content.
