ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان در رﻣﺎن ﺷﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ، اﺛﺮ ﻋﻼء اﻷﺳﻮاﻧﯽ؛ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺟﺎن ﺑﺮي

Cultural Compatibility of Immigrants in Alaa al-Asvani's Novel Chicago Based on Barry's Theory of Culturalization

ﭘﺪﯾﺪۀ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ، و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان در ﻣﻘﺼﺪ، ﭘﺪﯾﺪهاي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪهﺗﺮ از آن اﺳﺖ؛ ﭼﺮاﮐﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻫﺎي ارزﺷﯽِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات و ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﺧﺎص ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪاي از ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري اﺳﺖ؛ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ در ﺣﯿﻦ وﻗﻮع ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺮاد در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺻﺎدر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺪرت ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد دو ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺟﺎن ﺑﺮي ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ اﺳﺖ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎ درﺑﺎرۀ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان اﺳﺖ. رﻣﺎن ﺷﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻼء اﻷﺳﻮاﻧﯽ، رواﯾﺘﮕﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﻌﺪادي از روﺷﻨﻔﮑﺮان ﻣﺼﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي اداﻣﮥ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ و داﺷﺘﻦ آﯾﻨﺪهاي ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻌﺪ از ورود ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن دﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﯽزﻧﻨﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮف ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي رﻣﺎن ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﭙﺮدازد و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆاﻻت ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ رﻣﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻏﺮب ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﮐﺪام اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽِ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﺟﺎن ﺑﺮي اﺳﺖ؟ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از آن دارد ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي و ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ، ﻗﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﯿﻬﻨﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي در آن دﺧﯿﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﮕﺮشﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪي و ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮕﯽ را ﺑﺮاي وﻓﻖ دادن ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮕﯽ، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ اﺳﺖ؛ زﯾﺮا ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮد ﻧﯿﺎز دارد ﺗﺎ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺎدري، ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ارزشﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ وﻓﻖ دﻫﺪ.

The phenomenon of migration is one of the most complex demographic phenomena, and the process of adaptation of migrants to the destination is a much more complex phenomenon.Because living in a new human society, which is based on a set of specific value frameworks, specific expectations, requires a degree of adaptation.This adaptation takes place during culturalization, that is, the changes that individuals make in response to their cultural environment in order to have the power to meet the challenges posed by the collision of two different cultures. chikago by Ala al-Asvani is the story of the emigration of a number of Egyptian intellectuals who immigrate to the United States to continue their education and have a better future.After entering the new community, these people adopt cultural strategies to be more compatible with the host country. this paper aims to address this strategy by relying on the theory of Bery culture to address these strategies from the personality of the novel and answer the questions that the characters of this novel are adapted to the new western culture and which is influenced by what cultural strategies proposed in john Bery theory. the results indicate that the process of culture is a complex and complex process and elements such as religious, ethnic, patriotic, and individual attitudes are involved. with different backgrounds and attitudes in this process, various strategies such as separation, similarity and integration are adopted to adapt to the new environment. It is to be noted that integration strategy is the best strategy for resolving cultural challenges because the expatriate needs to create a dual or compound identity to have beneficial interaction in the new environment, so as to preserve the culture of the host, can adapt to the values and cultural norms of the host community.