كليدواژه :
اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزي , ﭘﺴﺎﮐﭙﻨﻬﺎﮔﯽ , ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎز , دﯾﺴﭙﻮزﯾﺘﯿﻒ , ﺑﺎﻓﺖ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻤﺪاد از ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ زﺑﺎن و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، درﺻﺪد ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ و رﻓﻊ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﮐﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﮐﭙﻨﻬﺎگ )ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه وﯾﻮر( اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺗﯽ روﺑﺮو ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر رﻓﻊ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت، ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ـ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﺴ ﺎﮐﭙﻨﻬﺎﮔﯽ ـ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ درﺻﺪد ارﺗﻘﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي، درﺻﺪد ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان اﯾﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ـ ﺑﺎﻟﺰاك ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻟﺰاك ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﮐﻮ و ﺑﻮردﯾﻮ، ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻓﻬﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي از اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. از دﯾﺪ وي، اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ از ﺑﺎزي ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻮده و در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯿﺪان اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻋﺎدت واره ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ، ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﻔﺘﺎري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻢ ﻏﯿﺮﮔﻔﺘﺎري، ﻫﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻢ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﺪاﻧﻪ، ﻗﺪرت اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮي و اﻧﺸﺎ دارد وﻟﯽ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻤﻞِ ﺧﻮدارﺟﺎع. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺰاك از اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮروي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﺪيِ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎز، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﺎرﮔﺰار اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﻧﻘﺶ دﯾﺴﭙﻮزﯾﺘﯿﻒ و ﻧﯿﺮوي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺑﺨﺶ آن ﺑﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Security theory is one of the contemporary theories in the field of security studies using the philosophy of language and sociology, seeks to explain how security issues arise and solve them. This theory, first proposed by the Copenhagen school (especially Weaver), gradually encountered problems. In order to solve these problems, a new generation was formed - post-Copenhagen studies - which sought to promote this theory. The present article, based on documentary studies, seeks to explain the views of one of these experts in this field - Balzac. Using the teachings of Foucault and Bourdieu, Balzac seeks a new understanding of security. In his view, security is a process that results from power games and is formed in the interaction of social and habitual fields. This process can be both verbal and non-verbal, both intentional and unintentional. It has the power to do and write, but not as a self-referential act. Balzac's analysis of security also emphasizes the role of the three key components of empowering audience attention, the relationship between the security agent and the context, and finally, the role of the dispositive and its structuring force in security practices.
