تحليل مختصات نفوذ انگلستان در ايرانِ دوره مشروطه (با بهره‌گيري از رويكرد سندشناسانه‌ تاريخي)

Analysis of the coordinates of British influence in Iran during the constitutional period (Using the historical documentary approach)

در ﺳﭙﻬﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، »ﻧﻔﻮذ« ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﻋﻤﻞ، در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻪ و ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان، ﻧﻮﻋﯽ از ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ را ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮوژه )ﭘﺮوژه ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ(، ﮐﺴﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب از ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ و واﮐﺎوي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ و راﻫﺒﺮدﺳﻨﺠﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻧﻔﻮذ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از روش »ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن« ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﭘﺮوژه ﻧﻔﻮذ اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ اﯾﺮان )ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1906 ﺗﺎ 1913( ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﮑﺘﻮﺑﺎت ﺻﺎدرﺷﺪه ازﺳﻮي وزﯾﺮ ﻣﺸﺎور در اﻣﻮر ﺧﺎرﺟﻪ وﻗﺖ اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن )ادوارد ﮔﺮي( در ﻣﻮرد اﯾﺮانِ آن دوران، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از اﺻﻮل ﻧﻔﻮذﮔﺬاري، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اي را ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و آن ﻫﺎ را ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﺖ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺧﻮد، ﭘﯿﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﯿﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ، ﻧﺎﻇﺮ، رﻗﯿﺐ و ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن، ﭼﻬﺎر دﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻔﻮذﮔﺬاران ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ.

In the area of contemporary Iranian politics, "influence" is one of the main concepts that at any point in history of Iran, has created a kind of risk and threat to the interests of Iranian society and country in practice. One of the first steps in confronting this project (external infiltration project) is to gain a favorable understanding of the various aspects of this issue and to analyze. With respect to this matter, the present study uses the "content analysis" method to examine the coordinates of the British influence project during the Iranian constitutional movement (between 1906 and 1913) based on the analysis of letters issued by the previous British Foreign Secretary. (Edward) has dealt with Iran at that time. The findings of this paper show that in order to maximize its interests, the UK has designed seven policies based on a set of influence principles and implemented them through its internal and external agency. According to the results of this study, the main audience, observer, competitor, and supporter, are four categories of the audience that in the process of designing these policies, the influencers have been considered the nature and strategy of the historical obstacle of the infiltration process.