پديد آورندگان :
جعفري هرندي، اميررضا دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ايران , كشاورز شكري، عباس دانشگاه شاهد - گروه علوم سياسي، تهران، ايران , پيراني، شهره دانشگاه شاهد - گروه علوم سياسي، تهران، ايران
چكيده فارسي :
آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺷﻐﺎل ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﺮاق، اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ در اﺑﻌﺎد ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ـ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺮد. دﯾﺮي ﻧﭙﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻋﺮاق ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻧﮕﺎرش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺳﺎزي آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در ﻋﺮاق در اﺑﻌﺎد ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر و ﻧﻘﺶ آن ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. روش اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﻨﺎدي ﺑﻮده و ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺰار ﻓﯿﺶ ﺑﺮداري ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺘﺐ، ﻧﺸﺮﯾﺎت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﯽ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ارﮔﺎن ﻫﺎي رﺳﻤﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻋﺮاق، ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺧﻮد را در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ و ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻖ ﺳﺎزد و ﻣﺴﯿﺮي اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل و اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻋﺮاق در رﻫﺎن و ﮔﺮو ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ـ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ، آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﭘﻠﯿﺲ و ارﺗﺶ ﻋﺮاق، وزارت دﻓﺎع، ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزﺑﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﯿﺮوي دﻓﺎع ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻋﺮاق ﮐﺮد. در ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﻮراي ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﻮراﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ و ﮐﻤﯿﺴﺎرﯾﺎي ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺳﺎزي در ﺣﻮزه اﻧﺮژي، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﺮاق، اﺣﯿﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺗﺠﺎرت ﻋﺮاق ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎدي ﮐﻪ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﻋﺮاق اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﻮد، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Simultaneously with the military occupation of Iraq, the United States established structures in four dimensions: military-security, political, economic and cultural-social. It did not take long for these measures to have an impact on the national security of Iraq. The purpose of the present research is to examine the structure of the United States in Iraq in the four dimensions mentioned and its role on the national security of this country. The method of this research is documentary analysis and data collection is done with the help of library filing tools and by reading books, specialized journals, online articles, student dissertations, and researches and reports of official bodies of the Islamic Republic of Iran on this subject. The findings of this study indicate that the United States, by creating effective structures in Iraq, will institutionalize and deepen its influence in this country and create a way for the independence and national security of Iraq to be held hostage to US interests. In this regard, in the military-security dimension, the United States established institutions such as the Iraqi police and army, the Ministry of Defense, the Iraqi Border Forces and the Iraqi Civil Defense Force. Politically, the United States created the Transitional Government Council, the Provincial Councils, and the Independent High Electoral Commission. In the economic dimension, energy structure, the creation of the Iraqi Development Fund, the revival of the Central Bank and the establishment of the Commercial Bank of Iraq are among the economic institutions created by the United States. The most important socio-cultural institution that the United States established in Iraq is civil society-based structures, especially the Samanids.
