سياست‌‌هاي راهبردي عربستان در درياي سرخ و تأثير آن بر امنيت ملي جمهوري اسلامي ايران

Saudi Arabia's Strategic Policies in the Red Sea and Its Impact on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran

درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻃﺮاف آن و ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ در ﺳﺎل ﻫـﺎي اﺧﯿـﺮ در ﻣﺮﮐـﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻬـﺎت ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻗﺪرت ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ درﺻﺪد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﺴﻂ ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑـﺎن راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻗﻄﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت در ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﯿـﻖ ﺣﻮزه ﻗﺪرت در درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ را آﻏﺎز ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. در ﮐﻨﺎر رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ در ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓـﺎرس و ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧـﻪ، اﻣـﺮوزه درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻬﻢ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺒﺪل ﮔﺸﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي ﺑﺎ ﺧﯿﺰﺷـﯽ ﺷـﺘﺎﺑﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻘـﺶ و اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﺑـ ﯽ ﺑـﺪ ﯾﻞ درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و ﻓﺮاﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي را آﺷﮑﺎر ﮐﺮد. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ واﮐـﺎو ي و ﺷـﻨ ﺎﺧﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ، اﻫﺪاف و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺖ درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ و ﺗـﺄ ﺛﯿﺮ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﺑـﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ؟ اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ ﻫـﺎي راﻫﺒـﺮدي ﻋﺮﺑﺴـﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي در درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ و اﺗﺨﺎذ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺗـﺄ ﺛﯿﺮي ﺑـﺮ اﻣﻨﯿـ ﺖ ﻣﻠـﯽ اﯾـﺮان دارد؟ ﻣﻮازﻧـﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪاﺗﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻣﺤﻮر اﯾﺮان- اﻧﺼﺎراﷲ و ﻣﺤﻮر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﻋﺮﺑﺴـﺘﺎن ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﻘﺶ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در درﯾﺎي ﺳﺮخ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و اﻗﺘﺪار ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎي ژﺋﻮﭘﻠﯿﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺮان ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The Red Sea and its environs, which includes several countries in the Horn of Africa, are lately receiving increased global attention and many regional and global powers are seeking to expand and extension their presence and influence in this strategic place. Powerful states in the Middle East have also begun to compete for power in the Red Sea over the past few years. Along with historical competitions in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, today the Red Sea has become the third important center of competition. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia hastened to establish new regional arrangements in the Red Sea, which revealed the irreplaceable role and importance of the Red Sea in regional and trans-regional equations. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the roots of Strategic policies of Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the article is? What are Saudi Arabia's strategic priorities in the Red Sea? What is the impact of implementing these strategies on Iran's national security ? The balance of threats such as the Iran-Ansarollah and the Turkish axis - Qatar is the strategic priorities of Saudi Arabia for the Red Sea, in which the success of such policies can be associated with consequences such as reducing security and national authority and geopolitical constriction for Iran.