به كارگيري يك رويكرد جامع ترجيح محور نوين در طراحي مفهومي سامانه حامل فضايي

Applying a Novel Comprehensive Preference-based Design (CPD) Approach to Conceptual Design of Space Transportation System

در ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و دﻗﻴﻖ، اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ، درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪي و ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎت ذﻫﻨﻲ ﻃﺮاح/ﻣﺸﺘﺮي، رﻓﻊ ﻧﻮاﻗﺺ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ روشﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ )MDO (؛ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ واﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻳﻚ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )CPD ( اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ داراي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي ﺑﻮده و از دو ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎز ﺗﻮدرﺗﻮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮد. اﻳﻦ رﻫﻴﺎﻓﺖ در ﺗﻼش اﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﻲ را ﻛﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻔﻬﻮم رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻃﺮاح/ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، در ﻛﻨﺎر اﻫﺪاف ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد؛ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول روش CPD، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم رﺿﺎﻳﺖ، ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎت ذﻫﻨﻲ ﻃﺮاح/ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ رواﺑﻂ ﻓﺎزي ﺑﻪﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ و آرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ. از آنﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﻏﻴﺮدﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم ﺗﻼش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮدﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ )ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮم ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ( و ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﺮش، ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎت ﻃﺮاح/ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد. روش ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮان ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮاي ارﺳﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ 1200 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪار داﻳﺮوي 750 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي و ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﺪاري 50/7 درﺟﻪ ﭘﻴﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي روش CPD، ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﻳﻜﺮد MDO و ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫﻤﻪﺑﺎﻫﻢ )AAO ( ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ رﻏﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺮم ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ روش CPD، رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎت ﻃﺮاح/ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ارﺿﺎ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ.

In this paper, a novel Comprehensive Preference-based Design (CPD) approach is presented which attempts to achieve subjective attributes that are defined in the concept of maximization of designer/customer's satisfaction in addition to objective goals which are formulated in the form of minimization of a performance criterion in a two-phase structure using two nested optimizers.In the first phase of CPD,using the concept of satisfaction,the subjective preferences of the designer/customer are defined in terms of fuzzy relationships and operators.Whereas the results of this phase are inaccurate,in the second phase,it is attempted to define a performance criterion and in order to achieve an optimal operational plan,attitude parameters and the compromises needed to meet the designer/customer's preferences are implemented.The methodology is utilized to design of a space launch vehicle for delivering 1200 kg payload to a 750 km orbit.Comparison of the results shows that despite the higher mass of launch vehicle designed by CPD,overall design satisfaction is higher and designer/customer's preferences have been satisfied.