بررسي انواع روش هاي كنترل دما در ماهواره هاي مقياس كوچك

Investigation of Thermal Control Methods in Small Scale Satellites

زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره وﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ و ﺣﻔﻆ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات آن ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره را ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪه دارد. ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ از ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﺑﻪدرﺳﺘﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻧﺸﻮد، ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد وﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﺧﻮد را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎ دو روش ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ-ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ داراي وزن، ﺣﺠﻢ و ﺗﻮان ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل در ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. راﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎ، ﻋﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎ و رﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ اﯾﻤﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﻣﯿﺎن اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ، ﮔﺮﻣﮑﻦﻫﺎ راﯾﺞﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﮑﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﻓﻌﺎل ﺣﺠﻢ و وزن ﮐﻤﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻮان ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

The thermal control subsystem (TCS) of satellites is responsible for providing and maintaining the allowable temperature of that satellite equipment. Naturally, if this subsystem is not properly designed, other subsystems, including the payload, will not be able to do their duties. In general, there are two active and inactive methods for designing TCS. Studies show that the elements can be suitable for controlling the temperature of a small-scale satellite (SSS) which has low weight, volume, and power consumption. Therefore, passive temperature control this equipment is widely used in SSS. The most common of these equipment are coatings, insulators, and paints. But some active elements are commonly used to make the thermal design of small satellites safer. Heaters are more common among thermally active elements, because they have less volume and weight than other active equipment, and consume less power than other elements.