ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ر وان راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ

Comparative Study of Drivers' Mental Health Assessment in Selected Countries

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روزﻣﺮه ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﮐﺎر، زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺢ اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮐﻪ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻣﺤﻮري اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ در آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت دﺧﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺮدي ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺧﻮدرو را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﯽ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮات ﺟﺎده اي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ وﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي داﯾﻤﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﯾﮏ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺑﺮاي راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ و در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ و ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ در ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻨﻮز در اﯾﺮان ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا در ﻧﯿﺎﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﯾﮏ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ.

Driving in various activities of daily living such as work, social life and leisure is essential. Considering the driving is complex skill-driven activity that cortical function is involved, It would make sense to measure the psychological scale of drivers. Mental health is one of the variables that studied in aggressive behavior of drivers. The purpose of the assessment of driving competence is to reduce road traffic related hazards for the individual and the community and long-term or permanent injuries. The current research studied how the mental health of drivers is assessed in selected European countries and compared them with Iran by the descriptive-comparative study method. Accordingly, in some countries psychological competency assessment is part of a comprehensive driving competency assessment and in others, the psychological competence assessment of driving is done separately. Given that driving competency assessment is a combination of traffic psychology and traffic medicine in an interdisciplinary approach, and the assessment of drivers' psychological competence has not been implemented in Iran yet, an interdisciplinary evaluation is needed for comprehensive evaluation.