بررسي جايگاه حكمروايي خوب در توسعه گردشگري روستايي پايدار (مورد پژوهي: شهرستان سرخه)

The Study of Good Governance in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development (Case Study: Sorkheh Township)

در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻌﺎل در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن t ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي ﻧﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﻮن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮرآﮔﺎﻫﯽ از وﺟﻮدراﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ وﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاراز آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن 0/955( ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪه راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺪل وﯾﮑﻮر )رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري( و ﻣﺪل ﮐﻮﭘﺮاس )رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب( ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ دارﻧﺪ و روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺠﺮد و ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﻫﻢ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب و ﻫﻢ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در رﺗﺒﻪ اول ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺎت وﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﺧﻪ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ازاﺑﻌﺎد زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن t ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﻤﺤﯿﻄﯽ )0/457( ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ – ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ )1/039( و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )0/652( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﯿﺒﺎﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ )ﮐﻞ( ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻗﻮي ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In the process of tourism development, the structure of good rural governance plays a very important role in creating of effective coordination and interaction in various sectors which are active in tourism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of good governance in sustainable rural tourism development. In order to study the good governance in the villages of the region, first, one sample t-test was used to test the extent of each of the nine indicators of good rural governance and finally, by combining them, the overall situation of the villages was analyzed. Pearson correlation test was used to find out the relationship between good rural governance and sustainable rural tourism which Pearson correlation coefficient (0.955) indicates a direct, positive and highly significant relationship. The results of the VIKOR model (ranking of villages in terms of sustainability) and the COPRAS model (ranking of villages based on good governance indices) are completely consistent. The villages of Lasjerd and Biabank rank first in terms of good governance indicators and sustainability indicators. In order to test hypotheses and measure sustainability indicators of rural tourism development in Sorkheh Township, at first, the degree of sustainability of each of the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions were tested by using one-sample t-test. The average status of environmental (0.457), socio-cultural (1.039) and economic (0.652) indicators indicates the stability of these indices. Then Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation that there is a direct, positive and strong relationship between the variables of rural governance (total) and the variables of economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability and environmental sustainability.