ارائه ي مدل علّي گرايش به رفتارهاي پرخطر بر اساس نگرش مذهبي و سبك هاي فرزند پروري والدين با ميانجيگري چشم انداز زمان

Presenting a Causal Model of Tendency to High-Risk Behaviors Based on Religious Attitude and Parental Parenting Styles: Mediated by Time Vision

ﻘﺪﻣﻪ: رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧـﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻧـﺎن را در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اراﺋﻪي ﻣﺪل ﻋﻠّﯽ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫـﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄـﺮ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﭘﺮوري واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯿﮕﺮي ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن ﺑﻮد. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، ﻧﻮع ﮐﻤﯽ و ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ و روش ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ، روش ﻣﺪلﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌـﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪي آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣـﻮزان دﺧﺘـﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻄﻪ ي ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1398-1399 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 251000 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 383 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺑـﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﭘﺮوري ادراكﺷﺪه ﺑﻮري )PAQ( )1991(، ﻧﮕـﺮش ﺳـﻨﺞ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﮔﻠﺮﯾﺰ و ﺑﺮاﻫﻨﯽ )1353(، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﺸـﻢ اﻧـﺪاز زﻣـ ﺎن زﯾﻤﺒـﺎردو ) ZTPI( )1999( و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ زادهﻣﺤﻤﺪي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران )1390( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ رو ﺳﺒﮏﻫـﺎي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﭘﺮوري اﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻧﮕـﺮش ﻣـ ﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯿﮕﺮي ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﺒﮏ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﭘﺮوري ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽﮔﺮي ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ درون ﻓﺮدي در ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮ ﮔـﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﻮاع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ در ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪل ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ از ﺑﺮازش ﻗﻮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ.

Introduction: High risk behaviors are behaviors that endanger the health and well-being of adolescents and young people. The aim of this study was to present a causal model of tendency to high-risk behaviors based on religious attitudes and Parental Parenting Styles: mediated by time perspective. Methods: The present study is descriptive-survey in terms of nature, application, quantitative type and in terms of process and method of data collection and analysis.. data analysis method, descriptive structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study is all female high school students in Tehran in year 2019-2020 of 251,000 female.The sample was selected using Cochran's formula consisted of 383 people who were selected using cluster random sampling. To collect data, Bory Perceived Parenting Questionnaire (PAQ) (1991), Golriz & beraheni Religious Attitude Scale (1974), the Zimbardo Time Vision Questionnaire (ZTPI)(1999) and Zadeh Mohammadi et al Iranian Adolescents' Risk Scale (2011) Questionnaire were used. Result: The results indicate that the tendency to high-risk behavior based on religious attitudes is directly related. The tendency to risky behavior based on parenting style is directly related. The tendency to risky behavior based on religious attitudes is indirectly related to the mediation of the time perspective. Tendency to high-risk behavior based on parenting style is indirectly related to time perspective mediation. Conclusion: The results showed how interpersonal factors in a model affect the tendency to a variety of high-risk behaviors in adolescents. Finally, the results showed that the overall model of the research has a strong fit