رابطه منش هاي اخلاقي و پرخاشگري در دانشجويان: نقش واسطه اي هيجانات شرم و گناه

مقدﻣﻪ: ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ واﺳﻄﻪاي ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﺮم و ﮔﻨﺎه در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﻮد. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑـﻮد. ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ 343 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي )142 ﻣﺮد، 193 زن و 8 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﻨﺴـﯿﺖ ﺧـﻮد را ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻧﮑـﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ( دوره ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1398 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﯿــﺎس ﻣــﻨﺶﻫــﺎي اﺧﻼﻗــﯽ )ﺧﺮﻣــﺎﺋﯽ و ﻗــﺎﺋﻤﯽ، 1397(، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺮم و ﮔﻨﺎه )ﮐﻮﻫﻦ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 2011( و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي )ﺑﺎس و ﭘﺮي، 1992( را ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺪلﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ رواﺑﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺸﺶﮔﺮا و ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﻨﻔـﯽ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨـﺪ و ﻣـﻨﺶ وﻇﯿﻔـﻪ ﮔـﺮا ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨـﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺻﺪاﻗﺖﮔﺮا، آدابﮔﺮا و وﻇﯿﻔﻪﮔﺮا ﺑﻪ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ اﺣﺴﺎس ﮔﻨﺎه را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﻣﻨﺶ آدابﮔﺮا ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷـﺮم را ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﻨﺶ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﺮم دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷـﺮم ﺑـﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و اﺣﺴﺎس ﮔﻨﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨـﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧـﺪ ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ، ﻧﻘﺶ واﺳﻄﻪاي ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﺮم و ﮔﻨﺎه در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺶﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷـﺪ )05/ < p(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺶﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﮔﻨـﺎه ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷـﮕﺮي را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of shame and guilt emotions in the relationship between moral characters and aggression. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The participants of this study were 343 (142 males, 193 females and 8 people did not specify their gender) undergraduate students of Shiraz University in the academic year 1398 who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and completed the Moral Characters Scale (Khormaei and Ghaemi, 1397), the Shame and Guilt Proneness Questionnaire (Cohen et al, 2011) and the Aggression Scale (Bass and Perry, 1992). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Finding: The results of structural relationships showed that forgiving and pious characters predict aggression negatively and conscientiousness characters predicts aggression positively. According to the findings, honesty, etiquetee and conscientiousness characters predict feeling of guilt positively, etiquettee character predicts feeling of shame negatively and pious character has a negative relationship with the feeling of shame. Also, feeling of shame positively and feeling of guilt negatively predicted aggression. Moreover, the mediating role of shame and guilt emotions was confirmed in the relationship between moral characters and aggression (P < 0/05). Conclusion: Overall, the findings showed that moral characters and the emotion of guilt reduce aggression.