سدسازي و ميراث فرهنگي، تعامل يا تقابل؟ (مطالعۀ موردي: سد كنگير ايوان در استان ايلام)

Dam Construction Projects and Cultural Heritage, Interaction or confrontation? (A Case Study of Kangir Dam in Ilam Province)

سـد كنگيـر ايـوان يكي از سـدهاي مرزي غرب كشـور اسـت كه در زمسـتان سـال 1394 آبگيري شـد. از تبعـات ايـن آبگيـري، تخريب چنـد محوطۀ مهم فرهنگـي - تاريخي، تخليـۀ جوامع داخل مخـزن سـد همـراه بـا مهاجـرت ناخواسـته و اجبـاري سـاكنين حاشـيۀ سـد به نقـاط ديگـر بود. در ايـن ميـان، چالش هـاي فراوانـي در عرصه هـاي مختلف اجتماعـي و فرهنگي (باستان شناسـي، مردم شناسـي و زبـان و گويـش) بـراي احداث سـدها وجود دارد و مهمترين مسـئله اين اسـت كه بـا انجـام اين گونـه طرح هاي عمراني و اسـكان اجبـاري خانواده هاي آسـيب ديده، چـه اتفاقي براي سـاختار فرهنگي اين جوامع و آثار باسـتاني و پيشـينۀ آنها خواهد افتاد؟ و چگونه بايد پاسـخگوي پيامدهاي آن بود؟ شناسـايي آثار و پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي ناشـي از احداث سـد كنگير بر اسـاس مطالعـات و مشـاهدات ميداني نگارنده و ارائۀ يك نمونه گـزارش ارزيابي به عنوان مطالعۀ موردي، جهـت اسـتفادۀ كارشناسـان امـر در ديگـر طرح ها و بـارز نمودن نقـش مطالعات ميـراث فرهنگي در طرح هـاي عمرانـي، هـدف اصلـي اين پژوهش اسـت.

Kangir Dam is one of the border dams in the west of the country that was flooded in the winter of 2015. The consequences of this intake were the destruction of several important cultural sites, the evacuation of communities inside the reservoir of the dam, along with the unwanted and forced migration of the residents of the dam to other places. Meanwhile, there are many challenges in various social and cultural fields (archeology, ethnology and language and dialect) for the construction of dams. an‎d the most important issue is that by carrying out such development projects and forced resettlement of the affected families, what will happen to the cultural structure of these communities and their antiquities and background? an‎d how should one respond to its consequences? Identifying the positive and negative effects and consequences of the construction of Kangir Dam based on the author's studies and field observations and providing a sample evaluation report as a case study, in order to use experts in other projects and to highlight the role of cultural heritage studies in development projects, are the main purpose of this research.