تحليل فضايي شاخص‌هاي جرم و بزهكاري در بين استان‌هاي مرزي ايران (مطالعه‌موردي: استان آذربايجان‌شرقي)

Spatial analysis of crime and delinquency indices among border provinces of Iran (Case study: East Azarbaijan province)

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ در رﻓﺎه و آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ-ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ از ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻼن و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي، از اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان ﮐﺸﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﺮم و ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎري در ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻟﺤﺎظ روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪي آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 20 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1394 ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ-اداري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎره TOPSIS وSAW اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Excel و ﺑﺮاي اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ از روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽﺷﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑﻪﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪاز: 1( ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ 2( ﺿﺮب و ﺟﺮح و ﺻﺪﻣﻪ 3( ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ 4( ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻗﻮﮐﺸﯽ 5( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ از اﻣﺎﮐﻦ دوﻟﺘﯽ 6( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ از ﻣﻨﺎزل 7( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ از ﻣﻐﺎزهﻫﺎ 8( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎري 9( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻣﺎﮐﻦ 10( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ 11( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺳﯿﮑﻠﺖ و دوﭼﺮﺧﻪ 12( ﺳﺮﻗﺖ اﺣﺸﺎم. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﺪاآﻓﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻣﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﺎاﻣﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎري ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ داراي ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﺮم داراي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Given the importance of issues related to crime in the welfare and well-being of citizens, comprehensive knowledge of crime at the macro and regional levels, is one of the requirements that should be considered by the country's planners. In this regard, the present study has been conducted with the aim of spatial analysis of crime and delinquency indices among the border provinces of Iran with emphasis on East Azerbaijan province. This research is an applied research and in terms of methodology, descriptive-analytical. The data required for this research were obtained through documentary studies and libraries. The statistical population of the study is 20 cities of East Azerbaijan province in 1394 based on the latest political-administrative divisions. Data analysis was performed using TOPSIS and SAW multi-criteria decision making techniques and also Excel software was used for analysis and entropy method was used for scoring. The indicators used in this study are: 1) Premeditated murder 2) Beatings and injuries 3) Threats 4) Pretending to stab 5) Stealing from government places 6) Stealing from homes 7) Stealing from shops 8) Stealing from industrial and commercial centers 9) Stealing From other places 10) Car theft 11) Motorcycle and bicycle theft 12) Cattle theft. The findings show that Khodaafarin and Tabriz are the safest and most insecure cities in terms of social security and crime, respectively. The results indicate that the studied indicators have spatial inequality among the cities of East Azerbaijan province and the cities are not balanced in terms of crime indicators.