شناسايي كاربرد و مفهوم شناسي اثرات ديجيتال در جرم يابي

Identification of the application and conceptualization of digital effects in criminal investigations

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﺛﺮات دﯾﺠﯿﺘـﺎل ﻣﺨـﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ، ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي در ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮم و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮد. در اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺎ دﯾﺘﺎ، اﺛﺮات ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ادﻟﻪ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و دﯾﺠﯿﺘـﺎل ﺗﻮﺿـﯿﺢ داده ﻣـﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ و اﻟﻮﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺛﺮات و ﻣﺪارك دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل در ﺟﺮم ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ رﺟﻮع ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از اﯾﻦ اﺛـﺮات دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ از اﺷﺨﺎص ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ، دورﺑـﯿﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺪارﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ، اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ" از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و وﺳـﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ اﺷﺎن در دورﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪارﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﭘﻼك ﺧﻮان و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ دورﺑـﯿﻦ ﻫـﺎي داراي ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺗﺸﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﭼﻬﺮه )FRT( ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي اﺳﺖ. دراﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻗﺼـﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮐﺎرآﮔﺎﻫﺎن در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ و آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و اﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻧﺎﺟﺎ در راﺑﻄـﻪ ﮐﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﺑﻌـﺎد ﻣﺘﻐﯿـﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 40 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪه ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد. از آزﻣـﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ و اﺛﺒﺎت ﯾﺎ رد ﻓﺮﺿـﯿﻪ ﻫـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎ و اﺑﻌـﺎد ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎ، آزﻣـﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣـﻮن ﻓﺮﺿـﯿﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه در ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺟﺮم و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺮﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان زﯾﺎدي در ﺟﺮم ﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ اﺳـﺖ و ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻮﯾﺖ را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﻮﯾﺖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي و اﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠـﺮﻣﯿﻦ در ﻓﻀـﺎي ﻣﺠـﺎزي اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ1/81 ،2/54 و 1/65 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In this paper, we tried to study and explain the concept of digital traces in crime scenes. First, concepts such as Metadata, physical effects and physical and digital arguments are explained, and then the extent to which the effects of digital imprints on criminalizing referrals are judged by experts is measured. The purpose of these digital effects is the activities of individuals who remain in telecommunication networks, CCTV cameras and cyberspace. This "effect" of the various people and their vehicles in CCTV cameras, as well as FRT camera cameras can be followed. In this research, the intention is to produce theoretical literature for detective guides on telecommunication data and familiarity with the related facilities. Considering the importance of the subject and priority of NAJA in relation to the scientific discovery of crimes, using the researcher-made questionnaire, the impact of the dimensions of the independent variable of the research is measured from the viewpoint of experts to 40 people. One-sample t-test was used to compare the mean's and to prove or reject the hypotheses. Friedman's analysis of variance analysis was used to prioritize the indicators and dimensions of the variables. The result of the test of research hypotheses shows that the digital telecommunication effects left on the crime scene and offender activities are greatly effective in criminalizing and identifying offenders and has obtained the highest priority for the statistical community. The priority order is for telecommunication experts, the visual dimension, and the effect of criminals' activity in cyberspace.