زمينه ها و فرايند هاي طلاق در زنان و مردان مشهدي

Divorce grounds and processes among two opposite gender in Mashhad city

ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﮏ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺲ اﺳﺘﻮار ﻣـﯽ ﮔﺮدد. اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد و اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺬﯾﺮد. اﮔﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﻋﻀﺎ را ﺑﻪ درﺳﺘﯽ رﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﯾـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻋـﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻃﻼق ﻣﯽ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ. در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟـﻪ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از آﺛﺎر آن اﺿﻤﺤﻼل ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده )ﻃﻼق( اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑـﺎ وﺟـﻮد ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﻪ ﺑـﻮدن ﻃﻼق، درﺑﺎره دﻻﯾﻞ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ رﺧﺪاد، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪك اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر دﻻﯾﻞ ﻃﻼق را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﺮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﻼق را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش روﯾﺶ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ و از ﺧﻼل ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ زن و ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺮد دﻧﺒﺎل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﮐﺪﮔـﺬاري ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﯾﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﯿﺶ از 180 ﮐﺪ ﺑـﺎز در 14 ﮐﺪ ﻣﺤﻮري ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺷﺪ و در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺳﻪ ﮐﺪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺸﯽ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻃﻼق در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻼن، ﭼﻨﺪﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻮدن و اﺧﺘﺸﺎش ارزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ و در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻫـﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ در اﺑﻌـﺎد ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮن ازدواج اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﯽ ﺷﺪه ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از: ازدواج ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ و ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ زوﺟﯿﻦ و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ و ﺗﮑﺜﯿـﺮ آن و ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔـﺬاري ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك.

A family is based on a stable and continuous commitment between two opposite genders. This group affect and being affected by different social arena according to a warm interaction. In case the family is not capable of fulfilling its members’ requirements properly, it will face to instability. Sometimes this instability brings about breaking the commitment, I.e. divorce. Nowadays in Iran, a family is faced to different instabilities, one of its consequences is assumed be divorce. Unfortunately, although it has become a serious problem in our society, there are only a limited number of qualitative researches carried out on its reasons as well as its grounds. The present research expresses the reasons for divorce based on actors experiencing it. As a result, the present research has been conducted using grounded theory and through an interview with 6 female and 4 male. After deep interviews and multistage coding, it was attempted to find out an abstract model. Finally, the researcher come up with 180 open codes in 14 pivotal code s and at the end 3 selective codes of grounds, processes as well as consequences were resulted. In a nutshell, it should be mentioned that divorce reasons or better to say divorce grounds can be stated into two levels of macro and micro: at the macro level it can be due to multi culture and values confusion and at the micro level it can be due to inappropriate choices for marriage. Generally speaking the process comprises of: inappropriate marriage, facing a problem and incapability in solving it, enhancing the problem and its effects on other aspects of their life.