روش‌شناسي تبارشناسانه تيپومورفولوژي شهري باهدف استخراج الگو براي تهيه ضوابط فرم محور

Genealogical method of urban typo-morphology with the aim of deriving patterns for providing form-based codes

هدف اصلي اين نوشتار، نحوه استخراج الگو­هاي ريخت­ شناسانه اي است كه ساليان متمادي جواب خود را در پيوند با يكديگر و با كل شهر پس داده­اند و ماداميكه هويت شهر را شكل داده‌اند، غريب افتاده‌اند. از­اين­رو توسعه‌هاي ميان افزا و پروژه­هاي مداخله در بافت­هاي تاريخي، نيازمند اصولي هستند كه نه بر­اساس ضوابط مجرد كه برخاسته از ويژگي­هاي فرم مآبانه و مكان محور باشد. تحقيق مذبور به دنبال كاربست چهارچوبي است تبارشناسانه، كه بتواند مسئله استخراج الگو­ها و گونه­ هاي فرم شهري به صورت طبقه­ بندي شده و سيستمي را پوشش دهد. ساختار سه رديفه پژوهش در ابتدا شامل يك نقشه تبارشناسانه از بافت تاريخي بر­اساس نقشه­ هاي دارالسلطنه و دارالخلافه ناصري تا پيش از اقدامات مدرنيستي بوده و مرحله دوم بررسي الگوهاي ساخت در ياخته­ هاي معماري با استفاده از تيپومورفولوژي ارتباط ميان فضاهاي ساخته شده و فضاي باز است. در آخر نيز الگوي ارتباطي فضاهاي باز در سلسله مراتب مراكز گذر­گاهي برداشت شده است كه در نتيجه ريخت­ه اي شهري در ابعاد و مقياس‌هاي مختلف با استفاده از طبقه­بندي داده­هاي تحليليِ برآمده از مطالعه­اي تبارشناسانه در مورد گونه­هاي فرم­ شهري، قابل تجزيه و كالبد شكافي شده و آماده استخراج اصول فرم محور بر­اساس مشخصه­ هاي هويت كالبدي و محلي مي­شود.

Introduction: The emergence of form-based codes (FBCs), along with the regular and near-universal rejection of conventional zoning, is a complex story and more interesting than might first be supposed. The Codes Study generally does not track developer-driven form-based codes. The socio-economic context of form-based codes has shown positive FBC impacts on physical and environmental wellbeing. Form-based codes try to notify morphological features to keep the identity of urban fabrics along the ages. This mission is essential, especially for valuable fabrics of contemporary cities. Nowadays, these fabrics are causing damage to lose their identity, more than every other time. The problem is to find the method of getting morphological patterns that are integrated and the whole of the city. However, they changed to an inappropriate thing. Therefore, infill and renovation development in historical fabrics need to follow the principles according to form features and place against solid and unimaginable codes. Methodologies: This article aims to design the genealogical method to cover the problem of deriving the urban patterns and typo-morphologies to a systematic and categorized style in form-based codes logic. The structure of this research has been made in three levels. First, it has provided a genealogical map from historical fabric based on Ghajar era’s maps before modernistic actions and surgery the city fabric. Then surveying the patterns at architectural units using typo-morphological relation between built spaces and open space. At last, it has taken the access link pattern for open spaces at the hierarchy of centers and squares. Result: The outcome of this essay is to concentrate on the study of form bares two practical tools. First, a typo-morphological matrix shows the relationship between mass and space for each parcel with its pass. For illustrating the relation of mass and space, it is used two species of matrices are. It is seen in matric type one patterns of mass and space and matrix type two hierarchical accessibility between mass and space. Second, a graph of structural relations presents the distribution of nodes and squares in contrast to dynamic passes and roots. In addition to presenting the schematic position of nodes, it guides the logic of the relations that these nodes have with other nodes' lower or upper levels. Conclusion: Eventually, urban morphs decompose and autopsy in different dimensions and scales with categorizing analytical data that come from the genealogical study about typologies of urban form and lead to deriving form-based codes and principles based on features of features place identity. The Codes Study also tracks major initiatives and guidelines that may assist in the formulation of form-based codes.