رهي؛ سنّت، كليشه يا تخلّص ؟ (پژوهشي دربارۀ واژۀ «رهي» در شعر فارسي)

RAHI; Tradition, Stereotype or Pseudonym? (Research on the Word “Rahi” in Persian Poetry)

ﺗﺨﻠّﺺ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺷﻌﺮي، ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳـﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ از ﻗـﺮن ﺷﺸـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﯾـﮏ ﺳـﻨّﺖ ادﺑـﯽ رواج ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑــﺪ و در ﺷــﻌﺮ ﺷــﺎﻋﺮان ﻗــﺮن ﻫﻔــﺘﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﺛﺒــﺎت ﻣــﯽ رﺳــﺪ. ﺷــﺎﻋﺮاﻧﯽ ﭼــﻮن ﺳــﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﺧﺎﻗــﺎﻧﯽ و اﻧــﻮري از ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺳﺎزان اﯾﻦ ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﻨـﺪ و ﺑـﻪ وﯾـﮋه، زﻣﯿﻨـﮥ ﺗﺸـﺨّ ﺺ ﯾـﺎﻓﺘﻦ و ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺗﺜﺒﯿـﺖ ﺗﺨﻠّـﺺ در ﻏـﺰل را ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ آورﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﮑﯿـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﮑـﺮار ﯾـﮏ واژه ﮐـﻪ از ﻣﺸﺨّ ﺼـﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ ﺗﺨﻠّـﺺ اﺳـﺖ، ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﮕﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻــﺮ در ﺗﻌﯿــﯿﻦ ﺗﺨﻠّــﺺ ﺷــﻌﺮا دﭼــﺎر ﺧﻄــﺎ ﺷــﺪه و ﺗﺨﻠّــﺺ ﻫــﺎي ﻧﺎدرﺳــﺘﯽ را ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﻌﺮاي ﻗــﺮن ﺷــﺶ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ داده اﻧــﺪ؛ از ﺟﻤﻠــﮥ اﯾــﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﻫــﺎ در اﻧﺘﺴــﺎب، ﻣــﯽ ﺗــﻮان ﺑــﻪ واژۀ »رﻫــﯽ« اﺷــﺎره ﮐــﺮد ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﺗﺨﻠّــﺺ ﺑﻌﻀــﯽ ﺷــﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﻌ ّﺮﻓــﯽ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. در اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ_ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــﯽ، ﺑــﻪ ﭘﯿﺸــﯿﻨﮥ ﺗﺨﻠّــﺺ در ﺷــﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳــﯽ و ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺟﺎﯾﮕـﺎه آن در ﺷـﻌﺮ اﺷـﺎره و ﺗﺨﻠّـﺺ ﭘﻨﻬـﺎن در ﺷـﻌﺮ ﺳـﻨﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮﻟـﻮي را ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐـﺮده اﯾﻢ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﺴـﺖ وﺟﻮ در اﺷــﻌﺎر ﻓﺎرﺳـﯽ از آﻏــﺎز و ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿــﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ در اﺷـﻌﺎر ﺷــﺎﻋﺮان ﻗـﺮن ﺷﺸــﻢ، ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ واژۀ رﻫﯽ در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺗﺨﻠّـﺺ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ اﯾـﻢ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه ﻧـﻮﻋﯽ ﺳـﻨّﺖ ادﺑـﯽ و ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن و ﮐﻠﻤـﺎت ﻣﺘـﺮادف ﺑـﺎ ﮐﻠﻤﮥ رﻫﯽ را در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﯾﻦ واژه از ﺳـﻮي ﺷـﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻧﻤـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در ﻫﻤـﮥ ﻣـﻮارد ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺨﻠّﺺ ﺷﻌﺮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

A pseudonym or poetic name is one of the characteristics of Persian poetry that became common as a literary tradition from the sixth century onwards and stabilized in the poetry of seventh century poets. Poets such as Sanai, Khaghani and Anvari are the mainstreaming poets in this field and especially provide the ground for identifying and establishing of pseudonym in the Lyric. Relying on the repetition of a word that is one of the main characteristics of the definition of a pseudonym, some contemporary scholars have made a mistake in determining the pseudonym of poets and have attributed incorrect pseudonym to sixth century poets. Among these mistakes in attribution, we can mention the word Rahi, which has been introduced as the pseudonym of some poets. In this article, in a descriptive-analytical method,we mentioned the history of pseudonym in Persian and Arabic poetry as well as its place in poetry. We examined the hidden pseudonym in Sana'i and Rumi's poetry and by searching in Persian poems from the beginning and with emphasis on research in the poems of sixth century poets, we have studied the word Rahi in the place of pseudonym. The results show a kind of literary tradition and theme and words synonymous with the word Rahi in the use of this word by different poets, which cannot in all cases indicate the poet's pseudonym.