اشاره‌اي به جغرافيايِ فرهنگي ارتباطاتِ تن‌زباني در داستان‌هاي كوتاه جمال‌زاده

A Refrence to Cultural Geography of Body Language in Jamalzade’s Short Stories

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾّﮥ رﻓﺘﺎر زﺑﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿّﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ آﻟﻔﺮد آدﻟﺮ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾّﮥ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز ﮐﺎرل ﺳﺎور از ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎ، ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﺘﻦ داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﺎلزاده را از ﻧﻈﺮ زﺑﺎن ﺑﺪن و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾّﮥ آدﻟﺮ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن، اﻧﻌﮑﺎﺳﯽ از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿّﺖﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز ﻣﺘﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟّ ﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رﻓﺘﺎري، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﮔﺎﻫﯽ داﺳﺘﺎن از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺧﺎ ّص ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺳﻨﺦﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺒﯿّ ﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻓﻀﺎي ذﻫﻦ و دوران ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪۀ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ، از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﺷﺎرهاي ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺗﻦزﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿّﺖﻫﺎ و ﺳﻨﺦﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﺎلزاده و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ آن ﺑﺮ رواﺑﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن، در داﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ در ﺟﻤﺎلزاده ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ اﺳﺖ و ﺟﻤﺎلزاده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺴﻮس، از ﺗﻦزﺑﺎﻧﯽ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽﺑﺮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از دﻻﯾﻞ اﯾﻦ روش وي ﻓﻘﺮ واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﺸﻢ و ﺷﺎدي را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮدار، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎر زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ در ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﮥ »ﭼﺸﻢ« دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺗﻦزﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﮥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ »زﺑﺎن« ﺗﻌﻠّ ﻖ دارد.

This study by relying on theory of linguistic behavior and social status of "Alfred Adler" and theory of Prospect's" Karl Sover "examines the world of the texts of Jamalzadeh's stories in terms of body language and non-verbal communication by definition of geography. According to Adler, language behaviors are a reflection of social and environmental situations. In the prospects of the text, cultural geography is formed given to human beings and behavioral changes. In this article, descriptive-analytical method and library studies have been used by examining non-verbal communication. The purpose of this study is to refer the function of linguistic relations in characters and human species in Jamalzadeh's stories and its conceptual effect on the relations of human species in the story. Sometimes. The story in formed of various human species (types). The results of this study showed that non-verbal communication is so significant in Jamalzadeh's works and Jamalzadeh uses linguistic and physical behavior to express intangible feelings and intangible concepts. The reasons for that are lexical poverty and conceptual suitable inadequacies. Lifestyle has an effect on dynamic structures. From the view of amplitude, according to the diagram, the most of non-verbal language behavior is observed in the eye component and the lowest linguistic behavior belongs to the organ component.