مطالعه كيفي عوامل زمينه ساز خانوادگي و آموزشگاهي رفتار پرخطر مصرف مواد در دانش آموزان

Qualitative Study of Family and School Predisposing Factors of High-risk Substance Use Behavior in Students

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎﻫﯽ رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد در داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ دادهﻫﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع روش زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي اﺳﺘﺮاوس و ﮐﻮرﺑﯿﻦ )1997( ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ اول و دوم ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1398-99 ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد 18 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ )ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي( و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ورود و ﺧﺮوج اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده روشﻫﺎي ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز 101ﮐﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﻮري و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ 13 زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ5 ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز و واﻟﺪﯾﻦ، ﺟﻮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه، آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب در آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه،ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻻن و دوﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و وﺟﻮد ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﻮب در آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي در ﺑﺮوز و ﺗﺪاوم رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮان، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان و ﻣﺸﺎوران از ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

The aim of this study was to examine qualitative family and school predisposing factors of high-risk substance use behavior in students. Method: The present study was conducted in terms of applied purpose and the qualitative nature of the data that the method was Strauss and Corbin (1997). In the present study, the statistical population included all boy and girl students of first and second high school in Birjand in the academic year of 98-99. A total of 18 people were selected using purposive sampling (theoretical sampling) and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, analyze data were obtained using open, axial and selective coding methods. Results: In the analysis of open coding stage, 101 codes were identified, which in axial coding and based on the thematic similarity were 13 subcategories, and finally in the selective coding stage were 5 categories of low student and parent motivation, unfavorable school area, unfavorable education in school, inappropriate peers and friends and the existence of defective rules in the school. Conclusion: Family and school predisposing factors have a significant contribution to the occurrence and persistence of high-risk substance use behavior in students. It seems that therapists, researchers and counsellors can use the findings of the present study to reduce and prevent high-risk substance use in students.