بررسي فلسفة اخلاق در شاهنامة فردوسي براساس نظرية امر الهي

Investigating the Moral Philosophy in Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh Based on the Theory of Divine Command

نظرية امر الهي از نظريه هاي كهن فلسفة اخلاق و بحث در رابطة دين و اخلاق است و پيشينة آن به مناظرة سقراط و اوثيفرن بازميگردد. در عصر كنوني بحران معنويّت، اخلاق و حقوق انسانها و نيز مسئلة جهانيشدن و استحالة فرهنگها و چالش هويّت ملتها، گفتمان غالب و دغدغة مهم بشر است؛ درنتيجه بار ديگر به دين و اخلاق توجه جدي ميشود و لزوم التفات به نظريه هاي بومي و سازگار با فرهنگ جامعه اهميت مييابد. ميتوان تقريرهاي مختلف نظرية امر الهي را در آرا و انديشه هاي فلاسفه و حكماي دوران مختلف جستوجو و بررسي كرد؛ بنابراين اين پژوهش با روش تحليلي ـ تطبيقي و بر مبناي مطالعات كتابخانه اي، ضمن واكاوي ايدئولوژي فلسفي فردوسي در حوزة دين و اخلاق و بررسي نتايج عملي آن در تبيين جايگاه و حقوق انسان در زندگي فردي، اجتماعي، سياسي و... به مقايسة افكار او با تقريرهاي نظرية امر الهي ميپردازد؛ نيز با معرفي فردوسي در جايگاه يك نظريه پرداز بزرگ فلسفة اخلاق و فلسفة سياسي با ديدگاه خرد الهي و حيات اخلاقي خدامحور، ميتوان تفكر او را تقريري تازه از نظرية امر الهي به شمار آورد.

The theory of divine command is one of the ancient theories of the moral philosophy and the discussion of the relation between ethics and religion. Its history goes back to the debate between Socrates and Oti fern. In the present age, the crisis of spirituality, morality, human rights, as well as the issue of globalization and cultural transformation, and the challenge of the identity of the nations are the dominant discourses and and concerns of human beings. Therefore, religion and morality have received much more attention once again. As a result, serious attention is once again paid to religion and ethics, and the need to pay attention to indigenous theories that are compatible with the culture of society becomes important. Different interpretations of the theory of the divine order can be sought and studied in the opinions and thoughts of philosophers and thinkers of different eras. Therefore, this research uses the analytical-comparative method and relies upon library studies to analyze Ferdowsi's philosophical ideology in the field of religion and ethics, and to investigating its practical results in illustrating the status and rights of human being in his individual, social, political life, as well as to compare his thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the divine order. In addition, the study compares Ferdowsi's thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the Divine command. By introducing Ferdowsi as a great theorist in the areas of moral and political philosophy who has the view of divine wisdom and God-centered moral life, his thought could be considered as a new interpretation of the theory of the divine command.