در جستجوي آزادي يا گريز از آن: تحليلي روانكاوانه از رمان حصار و سگ هاي پدرم

In Search of, or Escape from, Freedom? A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Sherzad Hassan’s My Father's Fence and Dogs

ﺣﺼﺎر و ﺳﮓﻫﺎي ﭘﺪرم، ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﯿﻦ رﻣﺎن ﺷﯿﺮزاد ﺣﺴﻦ، ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪة ﭘﺮآوازه ﮐﺮد اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪان ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﻋﻄﻔﯽ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. در ﻧﮕﺎه ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ دروﻧﻤﺎﯾﮥ اﺻﻠﯽ اﺛﺮ »ﭘﺪر ﮐﺸﯽ« ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ در ژرﻓﻨﺎي آن، رواﯾﺖ ﻗﺪرت، ﺧﻮد ﮐﺎﻣﮕﯽ و ﺳﻠﺐ آزادي اﻫﺎﻟﯽ ﺣﺼﺎر ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺪر ﺳﻠﻄﻪﺟﻮ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﻧﻔﺲﻫﺎي ﻫﺬﯾﺎن ﮔﻮﻧﮥ راوي، رواﯾﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ، ﻓﻀﺎي وﻫﻢآﻟﻮد و ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎك، وﺟﻮد اﻧﻮاع ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت، ﻋﻘﺪهﻫﺎ، ﺧﺸﻢ و اﻣﯿﺎل ﺳﺮﮐﻮب ﺷﺪه و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ واﮐﻨﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺒﯽ )ﺣﺬف ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﺪر(، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه رواﻧﮑﺎوي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ رواﻧﮑﺎواﻧﮥ ارﯾﮏ ﻓﺮوم، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺳﺎدﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﺎزوﺧﯿﺴﺘﯿﯽ، ﻫﻤﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺒﯽ و دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ، ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت ﻣﺘﻦ را ﺑﻪ روش رواﻧﮑﺎواﻧﻪ )ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﺷﮑﺎر ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﻨﻬﺎن( ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده، اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎ و ﻋﻠﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي راوي و اﻓﺮاد ﺣﺼﺎر را در زﻣﺎن ﺣﯿﺎت ﭘﺪر و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮐﺸﺘﻦ او، ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ .

My Father's Fence and Dogs is the title of the first novel by Shirzad Hassan, the celebrated writer, and is considered by critics as a turning point in Kurdish novel. At first glance, the main theme of the work seems to be patriarchy, but carefully in its depth, the narrative focuses on the power and selfishness of freedom of the fence by the father as a dictator. The narrator's delusional souls, irregular narration, eerie and scary atmosphere, existence of all kinds of failures, conflicts, entanglements, anger and repressed desires, and finally the destructive reaction (physical elimination of the father), all provide the present study with a psychoanalytical treatment. Using psychological concepts such as sadistic personality, masochistic personality, machine color, destructive reaction and so on, the author addresses the details of the text in a psychoanalytic way and analyzes the overt content in order to reach the hidden content. The research also focuses on the motivations as the main reasons for the reactions of the narrator and the people of the fence during the life of the father and after his killing.