كليدواژه :
ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ , ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ھﻤﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ , ﺿﺪﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ , ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ , رﻣﺎن ﮐﺮدي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ دوﻟﺖ ﻣﻠﺖ، ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. دوﻟﺖ ﻣﻠﺖ ھﺎ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ دﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ھﻤﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ زدهاﻧﺪ و اﻗﻠﯿﺖ ھﺎي اﺗﻨﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﻣﻠﺖ ﮐﺮد، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺿﺪﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ دﺳﺖ زده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺮدن از ﺳﺎﺧﺖ دوﺑﺎره ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيھﺎي ﺿﺪﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ، از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺑﯿﺮﻣﻨﮕﺎم و ﺿﺪﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻮﮐﻮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮدهاﯾﻢ. ﻣﻔﺮوﺿﻪي ﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻣﺎن ﮐﺮدي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي را ﺑﺮﻋﮫﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رواﯾﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮدهاﯾﻢ. رﻣﺎن ﮔﻞ ﺷﻮران ﺑﺎ ﺳﺒﮏ رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيھﺎي ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ ھﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺗﺮوﻣﺎھﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﺎ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻠﯽ و ھﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ از ﻓﻮﻟﮑﻠﻮر و ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ ﮐﺮدن ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ھﺎ، از ﺣﻮادﺛﯽ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﮫﺎﻧﯽ اول و دوم و ھﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ دوﻟﺖﻣﻠﺖ-ﺳﺎزي در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮدم ﮐﺮد رخ داده و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺷﻔﺘﮕﯽ و ﻗﻄﻊ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺰد آﻧﮫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رﻣﺎن ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن در ﺑﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﺴﻞ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ آن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. اﯾﻦ رﻣﺎن ھﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ھﺎي ﯾﺎدآوري ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻠﻖ دوﺑﺎره ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ و رﻣﺎﻧﺘﯿﮏﮐﺮدن ﻓﻀﺎ و ﻟﺤﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﻓﺮاﻣﻮﺷﯽ، از ﻧﺴﻠﯽ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ آرزوھﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻧﺮﺳﯿﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻣﻮﺷﯽ دﭼﺎر ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ھﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ رﻣﺎن ﺷﺮط ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺨﺖ ھﻼﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﺮان و واﻗﻌﯿﺖھﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ آن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. اﯾﻦ رﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻓﻮﻟﮑﻠﻮر و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ھﺎ، ﺿﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ و ھﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺮدن از ﻣﮫﺎﺟﺮت و ﭘﻨﺎھﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ دوﺑﺎره ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ، ﻣﯽﺧﻮاھﺪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪاي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ از ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ را ﺑﺴﺎزد. ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم، اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ رﻣﺎن در ﭘﯽ ﺧﻠﻖ دوﺑﺎره ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ، ﺿﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪاي ﺧﻠﻖ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ، از ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺿﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﯿﻮﻧﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ
چكيده لاتين :
In the present study, Foucault's concepts of popular memory and anti-memory perspective are employed in order to re-construct memory and anti-memory strategies in Kurdish Novelistic discourse. The major assumption is that the Kurdish novel has undertaken this reconstruction, and so we have used the method of narrative analysis for this. Ata Nahaee’s first novel, Shoran Flower, with a realistic style to the strategies of re-reading the political realities of the past through the strategy of confronting the people with the imposed government, as well as the help of folklore and symbolizing the characters, speaks of events that took place in the middle of the First World War. Secondly, and at the same time as state-building, it has brought nationalist treatment to the Kurdish people in Iran, and this has caused confusion and memory loss among them. Nahaee’s second novel, Birds in the Wind, deals with the experience of a generation and the experience of its defeat. With reminiscent strategies for recreating generational memory and romanticizing space and tone to portray the tragedy of oblivion, the novel tells the story of a generation that did not achieve its dreams and was forgotten. Nahaee’s third novel, Bet on the Fate of Halale, re-reads the history of Iranian Kurdistan and its political realities. The novel betting on the chance Halale seeks to create a new experience of generational memory by politicizing folklore and using anti-memory metaphors, as well as discussing immigration and asylum and re-creating history. These three novels seek to recreate a generational and anti-memory memory that is bottom-up and anti-memory of Iranian nationalism.
