لێكۆڵينەوە بەراوردييەكان لە ئەدەبي كورديي ناوەنديدا: سەرنجدانێك بە ڕۆڵ و پێگەي عەلائەدين سەجادي‌ {مطالعات تطبيقي در ادبيات كردي مركزي: نقش و تأثير علاءالدين سجادي}

Comparative Studies in Central Kurdish Literature: The Role and Impact of Alaaddin Sajadi

ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ دو ﺳﺪه ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻋﻤﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬرد. ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از ادﺑﯿﺎت در ﻗﻠﺐ اروﭘﺎ و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ و آﻟﻤﺎن ﺑﻮد. اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ادﯾﺒﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﻠﺖﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ از ﻫﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪا آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﺪ و از آن زﻣﺎن ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در ﺗﻼش ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ادﯾﺒﺎن ﮐﺮد ﻧﯿﺰ از اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﺑﯽﺧﺒﺮ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﺗﻼش ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺳﺮآﻏﺎز ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﺻﻄﻼح ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و ﻣﺒﺪع آن، در ﻫﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ و دﻟﯿﻞ آن، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﻼش دارﻧﺪه آن ادﺑﯿﺎت اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎور راﯾﺞ درﺑﺎره ﺳﺮآﻏﺎز ﻇﻬﻮر اﺻﻄﻼح ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اوﻟﯿﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﺮدي در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﺎم و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ )ﺳﻮراﻧﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر وﯾﮋه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺰﯾﺰ ﮔﺮدي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮐﺴﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﻫﺸﺘﺎد ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯿﻼدي اﺻﻄﻼح ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ را ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده و اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﺮدي را ﻧﯿﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم داده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮔﺬري ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﺻﻄﻼح ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ-دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ادﯾﺒﺎن ﮐﺮد ﭘﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آﻧﭽﻪ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪ، ﺑﺎ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ آﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه و در واﻗﻊ، در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯿﻼدي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم دادهاﻧﺪ. ﻋﻼءاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺠﺎدي در ﮐﺘﺎب ﺧﻮد ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي )1952( اﺻﻄﻼح ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺋﻪدهﺑﯽ ﺑﻪراورد( را ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﺮدي ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻬﻦ دﻧﯿﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

It is almost two centuries or more from the beginning of comparative literature and its studies. The origin of this aspect of literature was the center of Europe, especially in France and Germany. The significance of comparative studies was evident for the scholars of most of nations and since then they have endeavored for promotion and improvement of these types of studies. Kurdish scholars were not unaware of this process and have diligently done their best. The early deployment of the term comparative literature and its forerunner is substantial in any kind of literature in general and Kurdish literature in particular. The reason of which is that the comparative studies demonstrate the level of knowledge and efforts of the owner of that literature. The prevalent credence to the origin of comparative literature and the first Kurdish comparative study in Kurdish literature in general and Middle literature in particular is that Aziz Gardi is the first figure who has deployed the term comparative literature in the seventh and eighth decades of the twentieth century and performed the first Kurdish comparative study. This study seeks to shed light on the process of deployment of the term comparative literature and the first comparative study in Kurdish literature based on analytical-descriptive method. The most significant conclusion is that the Kurdish scholars have familiarity with comparative literature and indeed they have done comparative study in the middle of the twentieth century. Alaaddin Sajadi has deployed the term comparative literature in his book The History of Kurdish Literature (1952) and compared Kurdish literature with classical literature in the world.